Forearm

Forearm

1. Joints

   • Elbow Joints
   • Proximal Radioulnar Joint
   • Distal Radioulnar Joint
   • Intermediate Radioulnar Joint
     • Interosseous Membrane

2. Bones

   • Radius
     • Orientating based on Planes
     • Type
       • Long Bone
   • Ulna
     • Orientating based on Planes
     • Type
       • Long Bone

3. Muscles

   • Flexors
     • Superficial
       • Pronator Teres
         • Origin
           • Humarl head
             • medial epicondyle of humerus
           • Ulnar head
             • Coronoid process of Ulna
         • Insertion
           • Lateral surface of Radius (distal to the supinator insertion
         • Actions
           • Elbow Joint
             • Weak Flexion
           • Forearm Joints
             • Pronation
         • Innervation
           • Median Nerve (C6, C7)
       • Flexor Digitorum superficialis
         • Origin
           • Humero-ulnar head
             • Medial Epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of Ulna
           • Radial head
             • Anterior border of radial distal to radial tuberosity
         • Insertion
           • Sides of middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits
         • Actions
           • Wist Joints & the MCP and PIP joints of 2nd to 5th digits
             • Flexion
         • Innervation
           • Median Nerve (C8, T1)
       • Flexor carpi radialis
         • Origin
           • Medial epicondyle of Humerus
         • Insertion
           • Base of 2nd metacarpal
         • Actions
           • Wrist joints
             • Flexion
             • Abduction (ulnar deviation) of Hand
         • Innervation
           • Median Nerve (C6, C7)
       • Flexor carpi ulnaris
         • Origin
           • Humeral head
             • Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
           • Ulnar head
             • Olecranon
         • Insertion
           • Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
         • Actions
           • Wrist joints
             • Flexion
             • Abduction *ulnar deviation) of hand
         • Innervation
           • Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
       • Palmaris Longus
         • Origin
           • Medial epicondyle of Humerus
         • Insertion
           • Palmar aponeurosis
         • Actions
           • Wrist joints
             • Flexion tightens the palmar aponeurosis for gripping
         • Innervation
           • Median nerve (C77, C8)
     • Deep
       • Flexor digitorum profundus
         • Origin
           • Proximal 2/3 of flexor surface of Ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane
         • Insertion
           • Palmar surface of distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits
         • Actions
           • Wrist joints & MCP, PIP and DIP joints of 2nd to 5th digits
             • Flexion
         • Innervation
           • Median Nerve (Radial part, 2nd & 3rd digits) - (C8,T1)
           • Ulnar nerve (Ulnar part, 4th & 5th digits) - (C8, T1)
       • Flexor pollicis longus
         • Origin
           • Mid-anterior surface of Radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
         • Insertion
           • Palmar surface of distal Phalanx of Thumb
         • Actions
           • Wrist joints
             • Flexion
             • Radial abduction of hand
           • Carpometacapral joint of Thumb
             • Opposition
           • MCP & IP joints of Thumb
             • Flexion
         • Innervation
           • Median nerve (C8, T1)
       • Pronator quadratus
         • Origin
           • Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of Ulna
         • Insertion
           • Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of Radius
         • Actions
           • Pronates the hand
           • Stabilises distal Radioulnar joint
         • Innervation
           • Median nerve (C8, T1)
   • Radialis
     • Brachioradialis
       • Origin
         • Lateral surface of distal Humerus
         • Lateral intermuscular septum
       • Insertion
         • Styloid process of Radius
       • Actions
         • Elbow joint
           • Flexion
         • Forearm joints
           • Semi-pronation
       • Innervation
         • Radial nerve (C5, C6)
     • Extensor carpi radialis longus
       • Origin
         • Lateral surface of distal Humerus (lateral supracondylar ridge)
         • Lateral intermuscular septum
       • Insertion
         • Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal
       • Actions
         • Wrist joints
           • Dorsal extension (assists fist closure)
           • Abduction (radial deviation) of Hand
       • Innervation
         • Radial nerve (C6, C7)
     • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
       • Origin
         • Lateral epicondyle of Humerus
       • Insertion
         • Dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal
       • Actions
         • Wrist joints
           • Dorsal extension (assists fist closure)
           • Abduction (Radial deviation) of Hand
       • Innervation
         • Radial nerve (C7, C8)
   • Extensors
     • Superficial
       • Extensor digitorum
         • Origin
           • Common head (lateral epicondyle of Humerus)
         • Insertion
           • Dorsal digital expansion of 2nd to 5th digits
         • Actions
           • Wrist joints
             • Extension
           • MCP, PIP & DIP joints of 2nd to 5th digits
             • Extension
             • Abduction of 5th digit
         • Innervation
           • Radial nerve (C7, C8)
       • Extensor digiti minim
         • Origin
           • Common head (lateral epicondyle of Humerus
         • Insertion
           • Dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
         • Actions
           • Wrist joints
             • Extension
             • Adduction (Ulnar deviation)
           • MCP, PIP & DIP joints of 5th digit
             • Extension
             • Abduction of 5th digit
         • Innervation
           • Radial nerve (C7, C8)
       • Extensor carpi ulnaris
         • Origin
           • Common head (lateral epicondyle of Humerus)
           • Ulnar head (dorsal surface of Ulna)
         • Insertion
           • Base of 5th metacarpal
         • Actions
           • Wrist joints
             • Extension
             • Adduction (Ulnar deviation) of Hand
         • Innervation
           • Radial nerve (C7, C8)
     • Deep
       • Supinator
         • Origin
           • Olecranon of Ulna
           • Lateral epicondyle of Humerus
           • Radial collateral ligament
           • Anular ligament of Radius
         • Insertion
           • Radius (between radial tuberosity & insertion of pronator teres)
         • Actions
           • Radioulnar joint
             • Supination
         • Innervation
           • Radial nerve (C7, C8)
       • Abductor pollicis longus
         • Origin
           • Dorsal surfaces of Radius and Ulna, also the interosseous membrane
         • Insertion
           • Base of 1st Metacarpal
         • Actions
           • Radioulnar joint
             • Abduction (Radial deviation) of Hand
           • Carpometacarpal joint of Thumb
             • Abduction
         • Innervation
           • Radial nerve (C7, C8)
       • Extensor pollicis brevis
         • Origin
           • Posterior surface of Radius and interosseous membrane (distal to abductor pollicis longus)
         • Insertion
           • Base of distal Phalanx of Thumb
         • Actions
           • Radioulnar joint
             • Abduction (radial deviation) of Hand
           • Carpometacarpal and MCP joints of Thumb
             • Extension
         • Innervation
           • Radial nerve (C7, C8)
       • Extensor pollicis longus
         • Radial nerve (C7, C8)
         • Origin
       • Extensor indicis
         • Radial nerve (C7, C8)