Hardware

Hardware

1. Computer System

   • Consists of hardware components
   • it has to have an input and output

2. General purpose computer

   • large range of functions

3. Embedded systems

   • automatically perform functions

4. CPU

   • Processes data and instructions decisions are made here

5. ALU

   • It's where calculations are done

6. CU

   • A component of the CPU that directs it's operations

7. Buses

   • Data bus
     • Carries data between the CPU and memory
   • Address bus
     • Carries memory addresses for locations to be read from or written to
   • Control bus
     • Carries control signals around the CPU and memry

8. Cache

   • small
   • High-speed type of memory
   • stores used instructions or data
   • located next to the CPU

9. Number of cores

   • It affects the speed of the CPU
   • Quad core is better, 4 times faster than single core

10. RISC

    • microprocessor that is designed to perform a smaller number of instructions so that it can be faster
    • reduced instruction set computing

11. CISC

    • Contains a larger set of computer instructions that range from simple to complex and specialised
    • complex instruction set computing

12. RAM

    • Data applications currently in use
    • needs power to work
    • It's volatile so it doesn't save anything once it's shut down
    • random access memory

13. ROM

    • can be read from but not written
    • Non-volatile- doesn't need power to store data so it can Boot Up

14. Flash memory

    • Non-volatile memory, solid-state storage, quick to read and write on but only a certain amount of times, smaller in size than HDD, Expensive to make

15. MAR

    • Stores memory address from which data will be fetched from the CPU
    • Memory address register

16. MDR

    • stores the data being transferred from and to the immediate access storage
    • Memory data register

17. CIR

    • current instruction register
    • Holds the instruction currently being executed or decoded

18. von neumann architecture

19. motherboard

    • It provides power to all the components inside of it.

20. FDE Cycle

    • 1. the processor checks the program counter to see which instruction to run next
    • 2. the program counter gives an address value in memory of where the next instruction is
    • 3. the processor fetches the instruction value from this memory location
    • 4. once the instruction has been fetched, it needs to be decoded and executed
    • 5. once this is done, the processor goes back to the program counter to find the next instruction

21. GPU

    • specialized to display functions. it renders images, animations and videos

22. clock speed

    • determines how many instructions it can execute per cycle, the higher the clock speed, the faster it is

23. secondary storage

    • magnetic
      • hard disc drive, uses magnets on rotating metal plates. large storage capacity but slow and has moving parts
    • optical
      • CD ROM

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