Translation techniques

Translation techniques

1. THE DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO CLASSIFYING TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES

   • Translation Technical Procedures in the Compared Stylistics.
     • Borrowing
     • Literal translation
     • Transposition
     • Crossed transposition
     • Modulation
     • Equivalence
     • Adaptation
     • Compensation
     • Dissolution
     • Concentration
     • Amplification
     • Economy
     • Reinforcement
     • Calque
     • Condensation
     • Explicitation
     • Implicitation
     • Generalization
     • Particularization
     • Articularization
     • Juxtaposition
     • Grammaticalization
     • Lexicalization
     • Inversion
   • The Bible translators
     • Techniques of adjustment
       • Additions
       • Subtractions
       • Alterations
     • The essential differences
       • Items that are unknown by the target culture
       • The historical framework
       • Adaptation to the specific situation of the target audience
     • The explicative paraphrase
     • The concept of redundancy
     • The concept of naturalization
   • Vázquez Ayora’s technical procedures
     • Omission
     • Inversion
   • Delisle’s contribution
     • Addition vs. Omission.
     • Paraphrase
     • Discursive creation.
   • Newmark’s procedures
     • Recognized translation.
     • Functional equivalent.
     • Naturalization
     • Translation label

2. CRITICAL REVIEW OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES

   • Terminological confusion and over-lapping terms
   • The confusion between translation process and translation result
   • The confusion between issues related to language pairs and text pairs

3. A DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES

   • The need to distinguish between method, strategy and technique
     • Translation method and translation techniques
     • Translation strategy and translation techniques
   • A dynamic and functional approach to translation techniques
     • The genre of the text
     • The type of translation
     • The mode of translation
     • The purpose of the translation and the characteristics
     • The method chosen
   • Definition of translation techniques
     • They affect the result of the translation
     • They are classified by comparison with the original
     • They affect micro-units of text
     • They are by nature discursive and contextual
     • They are functional