STRUCTURES

STRUCTURES

1. A structutre is a set of elements of an object that allow it to mantain its shape and size with out deformingwhen the forces act on them.

   • Loads and efforts.
     • Loads.
       • The external forces that try to deform an object are called charges.
         • Static loads.
           • Are the loads that act permanent on a structure..
         • Dynamic loads.
           • Are those that don't act always on a structure.
     • Efforts.
       • The efforts appear with the loads and act aon a structure and it need to mantain this efforts without deforming or breaking.
         • There are five main types.
           • Traction: is whe a force tense to object by trowing it from hir two sodies
           • Compression: is when the loads compress the object by squeeze both sides.
           • Flexion: when the forces bend the objetc the effort is called flexion.
           • Torsion: is when the load twist the objet.
           • Shearing or cutting: the forces act in both sides like two edges, one up and the other down
   • Main elements of a structure are five:
     • Beam: element in horizontal position that suppors bending, traction and compression.
     • Square: the part of a structure that make the floor stable. It supports compression and traction efforts.
     • Pillar or column: vertical object that mantain the structure with no deformatios by bending or compression.
     • Strut: is the elementa that mantain the structure stable. It supports the traction effort.
     • Fundation: slab or shoe of the column. It supports the comression effort.
   • Stability and resistance.
     • Resistance.
       • The resistance is related with how the elements are designed. One thenique to mantain the structure more resistant, is by the triangulation, that is making triangles in the structure figure.
     • Stability.
       • The stability nis associated with the position of the gravity center of the object because when the GC is more near to the floor, the structure is more stable. Also when the base is wider, the object is more stable.