STRUCTURES

STRUCTURES

1. A STRUCTURE is a set of elements of an object that allow it to maintain its shape and size without deforming when forces act on it.

   • natural structures
     • skeleton of an animal
   • artificial structures
     • are all man-made
   • the fuction of a structure is:
     • Support weights, to resist external forces, to maintain the form and protecting objects
       • There are 5 types of EFFORCES
         • TRACTION
           • It occurs when forces try to stretch the body on which they act.
         • COMPRESSION
           • This type of effort appears when forces try to stretch the body.
         • FLEXION
           • The forces try to bend the element on which they are applied.
         • TORSION
           • The forces try to twist the element on which they act.
         • SHEARING OR CUTTING
           • The forces act like the two edges of a scissor: very close together, one up and one down, trying to cut object.

2. - STATIC LOAD: Are those that act permanently on a structure.

   • DYNAMIC LOADS: These are those that do not act in a constant way on the structures

3. ELEMENTS OF A STRUCTURE

   • ·Viga · Pilar or column ·Foundation ·Tirante ·Square
   • It is very important that the structures are stable and resistant.
   • RESISTANCE: is associated with the way in which the elements of it are designed
     • STABILITY: position with the gravity center of a body.

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