Period 1 + 2

Period 1 + 2

1. Christopher Columbus (1492)

   • Columbian Exchange
     • BROUGHT:
       • Sugar
       • Rice
       • COTTON
         • Slavery
           • Triangular Trade
             • English goods to Africa
               • Slaves to the Caribbean
                 • Carribbean goods to Europe
       • Disease
       • Livestock
         • Horses
   • Gold, Guns, Glory
     • Mercantilism
   • COLONIALISM
     • FRENCH
       • Viewed Native Americans as allies and military equals
         • Intermarried
           • Much like the Dutch
         • Fur trade
       • Mainly the Northeast, but also Louisiana and Mississippi
     • SPANISH
       • CASTE SYSTEM
         • Spaniards
           • Creoles
             • Mestizo
               • Native Americans
             • Mulattos
               • Africans
         • Encomienda System
           • Bartolome de las Casas
           • Sepulveda
           • Encouraged the slave trade due to a lack of native labor
     • ENGLISH
       • NEW ENGLAND
         • Puritans
           • homogenous culture
             • Roger Williams
               • Rhode Island
             • Anne Hutchinson
           • Halfway Covenant
             • New, young marriages during the First Great Awakening led to less rigorous religion
           • HATED Catholics
         • fur and logging
           • No slaves
         • PLYMOUTH
           • Pilgrims
             • Mayflower/May Flower Compact
               • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
               • "just and equal laws"
         • Massachusets Bay
           • John Winthrop
           • Known for autonomy!
         • Common good (Castle Upon A Hill)
       • CHESAPEAKE
         • joint stock company
           • JAMESTOWN
             • Successful due to tobacco cultivation
             • All for gold and to make money
               • Virginia Company
               • Due to the fact most of the people who came worked with gold, there was no one to do labor and Jamestown struggled
                 • The starvation that followed turned off Europe, so the Headright system was created to encourage more colonists
         • William Penn
           • Pennsylvania
             • Highly tolerant to other religions due to Quakerism and subsequent persecution
         • Morally and religiously diverse
           • Maryland Toleration Act 1649 (allowed freedom of religion briefly)
         • Economically diverse
         • Hostile Reaction to Native Americans
         • Virginia House of Burgesses
         • Less uptight than New England
           • Aside from race, status wasn't as big a deal since it could be changed through hard work
             • No hereditary aristocracy like Britain
         • Maryland was started by a Catholic named Calvert to become a feudal kingdom
       • SOUTH
         • James Oglethorpe
           • Georgia
         • AGRICULTURE CENTRAL
           • Encouraged the slave trade to work on plantations
             • Slavery
               • Bacon's Rebellion caused an end to endentured servants and created fear of poor whites
                 • Headright System tried to solve the labor shortage
                 • Began the creation of the Western Frontier
               • Middle Passage
               • Stono Rebellion
                 • Failed slave revolt in the South
               • Indentured servants
       • Navigation Acts
       • Enlightnement
       • Salutary Neglect
       • GREAT AWAKENING
         • George Whitefield
           • Jonathan Edwards
         • New Light (more individual) vs Old Light (pre-destination)

2. Native America

   • Plains
     • Nomads who followed buffalo patterns
     • Cahokia
   • EMPIRES
     • Mayans
       • Aztecs
     • Incas
     • Used corn and irrigation to establish civilizations with trade routes
   • Iroquois Confederation
     • Great League
   • Northwest
   • Southwest
     • Pueblo Revolt
       • Limits Spaniard reach west (until 1800s)
       • Abandoned encomienda
   • Black Legend
     • English used it as justification for colonization and 'rescue' of the Native people
   • Powhatan!
     • Led to trade w/ English settlers to gain access to guns in return for foods
       • However, meeting demands led to tribes fighting and disruption of Native life
       • English and Native Americans began to clash (1682 Uprising)
   • As exposure to Natives grew, more colonists wanted to join because of freedom of women and overall abundance
     • Captivity narratives were the response
   • Pequot Wars reflected the tension of Natives and Anglo settlers in 1637
     • Middle Colonies vs Narragansett Native Americans