Loftus and Palmer

Loftus and Palmer

1. Stimulus- Loftus and Zanni - Changing structure of a question could lead to someones memory being changed Critical question "Did you see a/the broken headlight?"

2. Method

   • Experiment 1 - Lab - 45 students(opportunity) - 5 conditions -Shown 7 clips from Seattle department safety footage - car crashes - vehicles traveling between 20 and 40 mph - IV manipulated by changing wording of critical question - hit - bumped - contacted - collided - smashed
     • Students not very good at judging how fast a vehicle is travelling - limited driving
     • Results- Smashed, colided, bumped, hit, contacted
       • - Response bias? - conscious - couldn't decide so went higher as verb stronger
       • Representation change? - nature of verb changes memory
       • socio-political impact - advise court and police against leading questions

3. Aim

   • Add evidence to the theory about effect of language on memory

4. Method

   • Experiment 2 -lab -Independent measures - 150 students - 3 conditions - film clip 1 minute - crash 4 seconds - one questionnaire straight after - one a week later -Questionnaire 1 - IV manipulated hit/ smashed - Questionnaire 2 - critical question "did you see any broken glass? y/n"
     • Results-

5. Data - quantitative - no reasons

6. Practicalities - low ecological validity - unethical - less emotions from video

7. Reliability- high -standardised- same wording of CQ -Same 7 film clips

8. Validity- Individual Differences

9. Ethnocentrism - same Uni

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