Hardware Layer

Hardware Layer

1. Logic Gates

   • NOT
   • AND
   • OR
   • XOR
   • NAND
   • NOR

2. Logic Circuits

   • Integrated Circuits
   • Adders

3. Truth Tables

4. The Universal Gate

5. Von Neumann's Architecture

   • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
     • Control Unit (CU)
     • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
     • Registers
     • Factors that determine the performance
       • Frequency
       • Bus width
   • Storage
     • Main Memory
       • RAM
       • Cache
       • ROM
     • Secondary Memory
       • Online Storage
         • Magnetic
         • Optical
         • Solid State
       • Offline Storage
     • Estimate the file size
   • Input/Output System
   • System Bus
     • Address Bus
     • Data Bus
     • Control Bus

6. Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

7. Interrupts

8. Buffers