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1. Validation

   • Range check
     • Making sure the inputted data falls within a suitable range
     • For example, an age wouldn't be lower than 0 or higher than 100ish
   • Length check
     • Making sure the input is not too long or short
     • For example, a uk phone number is only 11 digits long. A input over 11 digits would be wrong
   • Presence
     • Making sure there is an input
     • For example, a form may require an email. A presence check will need to be run on the email input.
   • Format check
     • Making sure the data is in the correct format
     • For example, a date must be in the format dd/mm/yyyy
   • Type check
     • Data must be of a certain form
     • For example, a score must be an integer

2. Data sanitation

   • To hide data that should be disclosed or to make sure certain data is not inputted
   • This can protect against SQL injections by not allowing a semi colon to be inputted. (needed for running a line of SQL code)
   • This can help by masking sensitive data. Masking is when you hide sensitive data by replacing it with something else. Masking can protect a users password by not making it visible on the screen

3. Authentication

   • This is the process of checking to see if people are who they say they are on a computer system
   • Factors of authentication
     • Something you are - username, bank number, or anything that identifies a user uniquely
     • Something you know - password, pin, secret answer to a question
     • Something you have - swipe card, fingerprint, any other physical identifying device

4. Maintainability