Elicited Behaviors/ Classical Conditioning

Elicited Behaviors/ Classical Conditioning

1. Elicited behaviors- involuntary reactions to stimuli

   • ex: reflex: simple reaction
     • Startle response
     • Orienting response
     • Flexion response
       • Reflex arc- three neurons: sensory, interneuron, and motor... pain comes after because of the reflex arc
   • ex: fixed action patterns, more complex than a reflex
     • example is a fish attacking a red underbelly... sign stimulus or releaser is the stimulus name
     • don't it instincts.... more flexible than that
   • repeated presentations of same stimulus may...
     • ...decrease strength aka habituation
     • ... increase strength of behavior aka sensitization
   • Opponent-process theory of emotion is....
     • event elicits emotional response (a-process) that...
       • ... elicits compensatory response (b-process)

2. Classical conditioning- neutral stimulus is associated with some other stimulus that naturally elicits a response... as a result, the neutral stimulus also comes to elicit a response... there are various temporal arrangements of the NS and US such as:

   • Delayed conditioning- onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US and overlaps with it... considered very effective
   • Trace Conditioning- onset and offset of the NS precede the onset of the US... considered very effective
   • Simultaneous Conditioning- NS and US are presented at the same time
   • Backward conditioning- onset of the NS follows the onset of the US... considered the least effective

3. Various forms of conditioning... non-classical

   • Appetitive Conditioning- US is an appetitive stimulus such as food
   • Aversive Conditioning- US is an aversive stimulus such as a shock
   • Excitatory conditioning- NS is associated with the presentation of the US
   • Inhibitory conditioning- the NS is associated with the removal of the US