Vygotsky

Vygotsky

1. Influence of culture

   • Gredler- Papa New Guinea

2. Language/semiotics

   • 0-3 Years
     • 3-7
       • 7+
         • Language used only for social communications
         • Berk
           • Children talk to themselves when doing a difficult task and this decreases with age.
       • Self talk
     • Social speech

3. ZPD

4. MKO

   • Peer tutoring
     • Cloward- it had more benefit for the tutor

5. Scaffolding

   • IDA- Practical application
     • Wood et al- general encouragement when child is doing well, more specific encouragement when child is struggling.

6. Concept formation

   • Trial and error basis to more systematic approach

7. IDA- Culture bias

   • Based on a collectivist culture- Soviet Russia

8. IDA- Nature/Nurture

   • Overemphasises role of culture

9. Collabarative learning

   • Gokhale- children who worked in groups scored better on critical thinking than those who worked alone