revision

revision

1. cyberattacks

   • hacking - unauthorised access to computer material
   • Phishing – sending a fake email or message pretending to be an organisation to steal login details
   • Malware – Malicious software, designed to cause harm
   • Ransomware – malware that encrypts users files and demands a ransom to decrypt them
   • Botnet – a network of computers which contain malware allowing them to be controlled by a hacker
   • Keylogger – malware that records every keypress and sends it to a hacker for analysis
   • Attempts to compromise a system or obtain unauthorised digital data

2. cyber defences

   • Security software – often called antivirus software
   • White-hat hacking – hacking that is done with the authorisation of the company being hacked.
   • Grey-hat hacking – hacking done without the authorisation of the company, but with good intentions
   • Backups – keeping a copy of important data on a different system
   • : Techniques and systems to reduce the impact of cyberattacks

3. Encryption

   • Altering data so that it can not be read by anyone other than the intended recipient
   • Cipher – a method of encrypting text
   • Plaintext – the unencrypted data
   • Ciphertext – the encrypted data
   • Key – some information needed to encrypt/decrypt the data
   • Crack – to read encrypted data without being given the key beforehand
   • Brute Force – crack a cipher by trying every possible key until successful
   • Statistical Attack – crack a cipher by using statistics and estimates of the most likely values
   • Caesar Cipher – a simple cipher, where each letter is shifted a number of places up the alphabet
   • Substitution Cipher – a simple cipher where each letter is replaced by a different letter