NETWORKS

NETWORKS

1. Topology

   • Mesh
     • In a mesh topology there is no central connection point. Instead, each node is connected to at least one other node and usually to more than one. Each node is capable of sending messages to and receiving messages from other nodes. The nodes act as relays, passing on a message towards its final destination.
       • Example
   • Ring
     • A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node – a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.
       • Example
   • Bus
     • A bus topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all the nodes are connected to a single cable. The cable to which the nodes connect is called a "backbone". If the backbone is broken, the entire segment fails. ... The bus topology is e.g. used by Ethernet networks.
       • Example
   • Star
     • Star topology is a network topology where each individual piece of a network is attached to a central node (often called a hub or switch). The attachment of these network pieces to the central component is visually represented in a form similar to a star. Star topology is also known as a star network
       • Example.

2. LAN

   • A LAN (local area network) is a network of computers within the same building, such as a school, home or business. A LAN is not necessarily connected to the internet.
   • Advantages
     • Resource Sharing. Sharing of resources such as hard disk drives, DVD drives and Printers are made easy in Local Area Network. ... Software Sharing. ... Convenient Communication. ... Centralized Data. ... Improved Security. ... Internet Sharing. ... Computer Identification.
   • Disadvantages
     • Implementation Cost. Even though LAN saves lots of money in terms of resource sharing, the initial cost involved in setting up the network is quite high. ... Policy Violations. ... Security. ... Maintenance. ... Area Coverage. ... Server Crashes. ... Malware Spreading.

3. WAN

   • Wide area network (WAN), a computer communications network that spans cities, countries, and the globe, generally using telephone lines and satellite links. The Internet connects multiple WANs; as its name suggests, it is a network of networks
   • Advantages
     • Area Coverage. WAN generally covers geographical areas of large proportions (1000kms or more than that). ... Centralized Data. ... Updated Files. ... Message Exchange. ... Increased Bandwidth. ... Assured Uptime. ... Security. ... Need of Security Solutions.
   • Disadvantages
     • Security. Since WAN has more technologies combined to each other, it faces more security issues comparing to LAN and MAN. ... Need of Security Solutions. ... Installation Costs. ... Disconnection Problems. ... Troubleshooting Issues. ... Maintenance Issues.

4. Circuit switching vs Packet switching

   • In circuit switching, each data unit know the entire path address which is provided by the source. In Packet switching, each data unit just know the final destination address intermediate path is decided by the routers. In Packet switching, data is processed at all intermediate node including source system.

5. Pathfinding

   • Pathfinding or pathing is the plotting, by a computer application, of the shortest route between two points. It is a more practical variant on solving mazes. This field of research is based heavily on Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path on a weighted graph.

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