Cognitive Influences on language learning

Cognitive Influences on language learning

1. Thus, Reid distinguishes between four perceptual learning tendencies:

   • Visual learning: (visual resources, charts, drawings, ohotos etc.)
     • Auditory learning: (Learning by hearing, oral explanations etc.)
       • Kinaesthetic learning: (Learning by experience)
         • Tactile learning: (working experiments, touching working with real materials)

2. COGNITIVE STYLE

   • This refers to the manner in which the learner perceives, monitors conceptualises and recalls linguistic information
     • Learning styles includes cognitive, affective and psychological behaviours, interacting with and responding to the learning enviroment
       • Ellis 1985

3. LANGUAGE APTITUDE: Is considered to be "natural ability"

   • Skehan who believes that "aptitude is consistently the most successful predictor of langauge learning seccess
     • Carroll and sapon MLAT identified four main components in language aptitude:
       • - Phonemic or phonetic coding ability: (recall new sounds)
       • Grammatical Sensitivity: Recognise the grammatical funtions
       • Inductive languagelearning ability: patterns of relationships between grammatical froms
       • Rote learning ability: Memory

4. Cognitive factors refer to mental conditions, strategies or processes which the learner has access to while learning a foreign language.

5. Learning strategies:

   • are defined by oxford (steps taken by the learner to aid the asquisition, storage and retrieval of information (1989)
     • are particular approaches or tecniques that learners employ to try to learn an L2 SUCH AS:
       • 1. Repeating words.
         • 2. situational contexts

6. CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES OF LANGUAGE EARNING STRATEGIES:

   • 1. cONTRIBUTE TO COMMUNICATIVE GOAL
   • 2. Allow the students to be more atonomous.
   • 3. students take more responsability for their leanring
   • 4. specific actions
   • 5. support leaning

7. Language learning strategies

   • Cognitive, memory, compensation, metacognitive, social, affective and communication strategies)
     • Cognitive startegies: (Understanding the linguistic system)
     • Memory strategies: ( store information)
     • Compensation strategies: ( avoidance, guessing while listening or reading)

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