Second Language Acquisition

Second Language Acquisition

1. THEORIES

   • Interactionism - L. Vigotsky
     • Interactionist Perspective
       • This theory is on a micro-level ande use to understand the larger macro phenomena
         • Key concepts:
           • Symbols
           • Nonverbal communication
           • Verbal Communication
         • Proponents:
           • George Herbert Mead
           • Erving Goffman
         • Views of the perspective:
           • Social change: Reflected in people´s social positions and their communications
           • Individual: Manioulate symbols and create social interaction
           • Social order: Maintain by shared understanding of everyday behavior
   • Behaviorism - B. F. Skinner
     • Conditioning
       • Language learning further behaviorists is a matter of conditioning by:
         • Imitation
         • Reinforcement
         • Habits
   • Cognitivism - Steven Krashen
     • Cognitive linguistics
       • Refers to the branch of linguistics that interprets language in terms of the concepts that underline its forms.
         • Characterized:
           • It denies tha there is an autonomous linguistic in the mind
           • It understands grammar in terms of conceptualization
           • It claims the knowledge of language arises out of language use
         • Interesting things:
           • Construction grammar and cognitive grammar
           • Conceptual organization like categorization, metonymy, frame semantics, and iconicity
           • Image schemas and force dynamics
           • Conceptual metaphor and conceptual blending
   • Innatism - Noam Chomsky
     • Theory of Universal Grammar
       • Three importants rules of Noam Chomsky:
         • Every children knows basic grammar rules
         • All languages follow same grammar structure (Nouns-Verbs-Adjectives)
         • Kids don´t make expected grammatical mistakes

2. Universal Grammar - Van Patten

   • It´s important:
     • Contextualized oral practice
     • Feedback
   • Sociocultural Theory
     • Interation - People - Culture = Language
   • Concept Oriented Approach
     • Scaffolding - Lexical Stage - Morphological Stage = Language
   • Usage Based Approach
     • Meaning - Use - Language
   • Declarative - Procedural Model
     • Procedural Memory
       • Unconscious memories on how to do things
     • Declarative Memory
       • That can be consciously recalled

3. APHASIAS

   • Any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma
   • Broca’s Aphasia
     • Paul Broca (French) in 1864
       • Broca’s area controls Syntax
       • The front part of the left hemisphere resulted in the loss of speech.
   • Wernicke’s Aphasia
     • Karl Wernicke (German) in 1874
       • Wernicke’s area controls Semantics
       • Resulted:
         • Good intonation
         • Nonsense words
         • Comprehension impaired
         • “Word salad”
         • Lexical errors
         • Fluent speech

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap

• Aphasia: The disorder that makes you lose your words - Susan Wortman-Jutt (Einbetten)
• Noam Chomsky on Language Aquisition (Einbetten)
• Vygotsky in 60 seconds (Einbetten)
• Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner (Einbetten)
• Cognitivism (Einbetten)
• BAAL 2018 Plenary Presentation: Bill VanPatten (Einbetten)