Testing for Organic Functional Groups

Testing for Organic Functional Groups

1. Alkenes

   • Bromine Water Br2 (aq)
     • Bromine water turns from orange to colourless

2. Haloalkane

   • Aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol (the isolate the halide ion)
     • Chlorine: White precipitate Bromine: cream precipitate Iodine: Yellow precipitate

3. Phenols

   • Bromine water
     • 2,4,6-tribromophenol
     • Colourless
     • White Precipitate
   • Doesn't react with carbonates

4. Carbonyls (Ketones + Aldehydes)

   • Brady's Reagent (2,4-DNP)
     • Orange Precipitate is formed who's melting point can be tested for identification of substances

5. Aldehyde

   • Tokens Reagent
     • Silver Mirror
   • No reaction with Ketones

6. Oxidation of Alcohols

   • Primary
     • Acidified Potassium Dichromate
       • Turns from orange to green and an aldehyde and then a carboxylate acid is formed
   • Secondary
     • Acidified Potassium Dichromate