Cognitive Approach

Cognitive Approach

1. key words

   • information processing, memory, forgetting, storage and retrieval

2. Memory

   • computor analogy
   • assumptions of approach
   • LOP framework (craik and lockheart 1972)
   • LOP (craik and tulving 1975)
   • MSM (atkinson and shiffrin)

3. methodology

   • natural, field and lab exp
   • experimental and null hypothesis
   • IV and DV, operationalisation, order effects, counterbalancing and randomisation
   • participant designs: indepentent, repeated measures and matched pairs design
   • experimental control
     • extraneous, situational and participant variables
   • objectivity, reliability and validity
   • levels of data: nominal, ordinal, interval

4. forgetting

   • cue dependency forgetting (tulving 1975)
   • godden and braddley
   • theories of forgetting: trace decay, interference and displacement

5. key issue

   • flashbulb memory
   • reliability of EWT

6. practical

   • recalling words in different environment; classroom and study area