Networks

Networks

1. Stand-alone computers in LAN allows for the devices such as printers to be shared through the LAN which saves on cost

2. Hub - Connects network devices together WAP - Wi-Fi compliant device to connect to a wired network.

3. A P2P only requires 2 computers connect and they are able to share data, whereas a Client-server requires a Computer and a server as the computer needs to put the data on to the server storage

4. Topologies

5. LAN is in a small area like a school and a WAN is over a large geographical area like the internet

6. IP Address - a unique string of numbers separated by full stops that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network. MAC Address - a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications at the data link layer of a network segment. Packet - a block of data transmitted across a network. Protocol - a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

7. Security - A firewall is software that will block unexpected connections coming in to the network. Most operating systems include a firewall. General users will not have the ability to download any software they want or to make changes to any part of the system, as that could affect other users. Encryption is a method of changing the original numbers and characters so that they are hidden or disguised. This is important if you are sending sensitive information.

8. Network Policies - An archiving policy will help decide when to move data, where it should be kept, and how to get it back if needed. Failover- a procedure by which a system automatically transfers control to a duplicate system when it detects a fault or failure.

9. The Internet

   • Internet - a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
   • Modem - an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or from a computer via telephone or other communication lines. Router - a piece of hardware or software having a specific IP address and connected to network nodes for the transfer of data between computers.
   • DNS - an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic, they're easier to remember. The Internet however, is really based on IP addresses. Every time you use a domain name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address.
   • HTML - It is a form of programming language that is used to make web pages on the internet viewable.
   • File Standards - The need to import and export data files has led to the development of several standard file types that many applications can understand. Examples are jpg and gif files for images, and mp3 files for sound; but there are also standard file types for text, movies, and spreadsheet data.
   • The compression basically makes the file smaller and, therefore, the sending of the file is faster. Of course, when compressing a file and sending it to another computer that computer has to have a program that will decompress the file so it can be returned to “normal” and used.
   • Lossless - every single bit of data that was originally in the file remains after the file is uncompressed. All of the information is completely restored. Lossy - reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain information, especially redundant information. When the file is uncompressed, only a part of the original information is still there.

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