Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology

1. Key concepts

   • Input->Encoding->Storage-Retrieval->Output
     • Mnemonic:
       • Insane Elephants See Running Oreos
   • Accessibility
     • It's there, but you can't quite remember it, tip of the tongue
   • Availability
     • The information is not there: It has been forgotten
   • Displacement
     • New piece of information pushes out old piece, past capacity of 7+/-2
       • 15s/7+/-2=Short Term Memory (STM)
         • Long Term Memory (LTM)= potentially unlimited.
   • Decay
     • Information not rehearsed, forgotten. Past 15s.
       • 15s/7+/-2=Short Term Memory (STM)

2. Theories

   • Core Theory: Multi-store model
     • Environmental Stimuli
       • Sensory memory (SM)
         • Attention
           • STM
             • Maintenance rehearsal
               • (repetition)
             • Encoding->
               • LTM
                 • <-Retrieval
                   • STM
                     • Output (Decay or retrieval of information)
         • Decay
     • Limitations
       • The theory focuses too much on rehearsal
         • Some events go straight into LTM without rehearsal
       • Theory is too simplistic on the LTM and STM
         • It is argued that they play more than just a passive role
       • Theory is too generic
         • Doesn't explain how some people have better memory than others, it does not focus on the individual
   • Alternative theory: Levels of Processing
     • Memory is based on understanding
       • The better I know something the more I remember it.
         • Remembering word:
           • Visual (worst)
           • Acoustic
           • Semantic (best)
     • No criticisms needed.
     • Shallow processing
       • Not really thinking about it, colour, voice recognition
     • Deep processing
       • Understanding what it means

3. Core study

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