Chemistry Comes Alive

Chemistry Comes Alive

1. Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass

   • Mass: body of coherent matter; indefinite shape occupies space and has matter
   • States of Matter: Solid- bones/teeth(definite shape and volume) Liquid- blood plasma(definite volume no shape) Gas- air ( neither definite shape or volume)

2. Energy: capacity to do work or to put matter into motion

   • States of energy- Kinetic energy: is energy in action Potential energy: stored energy that is inactive energy.
   • Forms of energy: Chemical- form stored in bonds of chemical substances like food Electrical- energy formed by the movement of charged particles; across or along cell membrane Mechanical- energy directly involved in moving matter; riding bicycle Radiant/Electromagnetic- travels in waves; x-rays, visible light, infrared light, radio and ultraviolet

3. Energy Conversion: energy is neither created nor destroyed, during this process some energy is lost as heat. Energy is easily converted from one one form to another though conversions are inefficient

4. Elements: Physical properties- detected using senses or measure Chemical properties- how they bond, the way atoms interact with other atoms

   • Major elements in body: Oxygen 65% Carbon 18.5% Hydrogen 9.5% Nitrogen 3.2% *Oxygen cant harm noodles*
   • Structure of Atoms: protons-mass 1 pos(+) charge located at nucleus(center of atom) neutrons-mass 1 neutral charge located on nucleus electrons: neg(-) charge located orbiting nucleus
   • Atoms are electrically neutral because they have equal number or protons and electrons

5. Identifying Elements: atomic is the number protons in atom atomic mass/mass # sum of protons and neutrons in nucleus of atom

   • Isotopes- elements that have the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons
   • Atomic Mass- average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of a element
   • Radioisotopes: isotopes hat of atoms the decay spontaneously into more stable form

6. Mixtures: substances composed of 2 or more components that are physically intermixed; solutions, colloids and suspensions

   • Solvent: substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution Solute: substance that is dissolved, what goes into solvent Homogeneous: mixture has exactly same composition ex jello Heterogeneous: samples taken from substances that vary in composition ex fruit jello
   • Solutions- homogeneous mixtures; may be liquid, gases or solids solute particle size is small ex saline, air , and glucose/water
   • True solutions dissolve in water; % of solute in solution, parts per 100 parts
   • Colloids or Emulsions: heterogeneous mixture; appear milky/translucent, solute particle size med, solute particles DO NOT settle out over time, sol-gel transformation- reversibly from fluid to gel
   • Suspensions: heterogeneous mixture; solute particle size large, solutes settle over time