Chapter 10: Jacksonian America :) ;)

Chapter 10: Jacksonian America :) ;)

1. l. An End to Good Feelings

   • - Problems with national government - Increasing political differences
   • The Candidates
     • - Americans had trouble choosing a presidential candidate  - People called for a democracy  - Issues: tariff and internal improvements, such as building roads, canals, and bridges (who pays for it? natl govt?) - Republicans chose Crawford - opposed federal support but didn't have national support  (suffered a stroke) - Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams were strong nationalists  - Andrew Jackson was distrusted by some bc he took away land that should have belonged to the Indians but was also very popular with others
   • The Election in the House
     • - Jackson won more votes than anyone else in both Electoral College and the popular votes - He surprised many people w/ his national following  - Adams became president - kept most of Monroe's cabinet  - Jackson was so angry that he resigned his seat as Senate and set out for Tennessee   
   • The presidency of John Quincy Adams
     • - Adams had been in public service for 36 yrs before becoming president  - He was prob the best educated man in his day - Didn't actively seek recognition  - He was a disaster 
     • American System
       • - A tariff package to pay for internal improvements 
     • "tariff of abominations"
       • - What southerners called the high tariff package,which was passed in 1828  - they threatened to leave the Union  - tariff forced them to pay higher prices for the items they needed and would hurt their economy 
   • The Election of 1828
     • - By the end of Adam's term there were two political parties again - Jackson's supporters were former Democratic-Republicans  - Many new techniques were introduced during the election campaign  - Was one of dirtiest campaigns EVER!!! - Things like mud slinging (making malicious statements about opponents) - 
     • The Democratic Party
       • - What the Democratic- Republicans called themselves 
     • Mudslinging
       • - Making malicious statements about opponents  - Adam's followers claimed that Jackson was a murder because once he had killed a man in a duel and had sentenced others to death while in the military  - The Democrats claimed that Adams was snob who displayed fancy foreign manner. They also accused him of being a gambler because he had a billiard table in the White House
     • Andrew and Rachel Jackson
       • - Jackson fell in love with a married woman named Rachel - He thought she was divorced though so they married - Sadly Rachel died on December 22! :(:(:( - Then, after that Jackson took office a few weeks later and for the rest of his life he blamed the Democratic-Republicans for her death! :(

2. ll. The People's President

   • - Jackson came to office in 1829 - Claimed himself as the champion of the common man - Made lots of new changes that he believed would make the people happy  - He made friend and enemies easily  - He had a short temper that he had not learned to control
   • Jackson and the Spoils System
     • - At the beginning Jackson replaced over 1,000 government workers - Replaced many good workers with bad ones who were just his supporters  - Despite Jackson's arguments there were several problems with the spoils system *Did not encourage workers who were highly qualified* *Sometimes caused corruption* 
     • Spoils System
       • - The act of handing out random government jobs to loyal followers is known as the spoils system
     • Political machines
       • - The spoils system also aided the growth of the political machines
   • Jackson's Kitchen Cabinet
     • - Jackson had a cabinet to consult with but never seemed to use it  - Instead he consulted with his close friends, this group of men became known as Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet"  
     • Kitchen Cabinet
       • A group of close friends Jackson consulted with instead of his cabinet, these men became known as Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet"
   • Jackson and the Indians
     • - Many Americans wanted to get rid of the Indians  - Jackson agreed - He acted on it--with tragic results
     • Attitudes and Policies
       • - Cherokees still owned a significant amount of land  - The Creeks lived in part of Alabama - The Chickasaws and Choctaws covered much of Mississippi  - Some Americans thought that we should teach the Indians to be like us (supported be James Monroe and John Q. Adams) - Other Americans thought that the Indians should be moved to the West of the Mississippi River (supported by Andrew Jackson) - The Cherokees were not a military threat to the U.S. (they actually made a peace treaty w/ the U.S.)  - They adopted many American customs  - Sequoyah: Cherokee scholar made them a writing system 
       • Cherokees
         • - Indians that still owned a significant amount of land in America 
       • Indian Removal Act
         • - The Act said that any Indian that voluntarily moved would not have to pay for the travel or the land (for a year)  - An act that kept the Cherokees safe was the "Indian Removal Act" - The Cherokees land had gold in it  - This Act didn't MAKE them move but America was not going to protect them if they didn't 
     • Troubles in the South
       • - The military succeeded at moving most the Indians to the West in 1833 - All the tribes agreed to move but the Cherokees refused to give up their land and they stayed - Georgia legislator passed a law targeting the missionaries - It forbade white people to live among the Cherokees - Several were arrested because they continued their ministry  - They caught to missionaries, Samuel Worcester and Elizur Butler  - Chief Justice John Marshall ordered Georgia to release the missionaries
       • Trail of Tears
     • The Black Hawk War
       • Black hawk
         • - Indian leader of the Sauk 

3. Andrew Jackson Info

   •                Growing up: - Born in South Carolina in a log cabin  - His parents were weavers from Ireland  - His father died shortly before his birth - He grew up throughout the War for Independence  - One of his two brothers died in the war leaving the other one to die of smallpox along with his mother. He was left entirely alone 

4. lll. Internal Controversies

   • The Tariff and States Rights
     • - Tariff: a tax on goods coming into the country  - The idea of tariff was not a new idea - The country disagreed sharply on the value and purpose of tariffs
     • Revenue tariff
       • - a tariff designed to raise money
     • Reasons for tariffs
       • - They used tariffs for revenue and to limit the importation of foreign goods 
       • Protective tariffs
         • - a tariff that protected foreign goods from entering the U.S.
   • The Tariff Abominations
     • -  In 1816 the Congress responded to these protectionists by levying a higher tariff - Also in 1824 the Congress increased the tariff and put more products on the tariff list - In 1828 tariff drew wide protests - Cotton prices went down - Hoping to sell more cotton Southerners started to farm more acres  - Southerners planters blamed their troubles on high tariff
   • The Defense of State Rights
     • - Slavery still existed and NEEDED TO BE STOPPED - John C. Calhoun- Jackson's Vice President
   • The Webster-Hayne Debate
     • Daniel Webster
     • Robert Y. Hayne
   • Calhoun and Jackson Clash
   • The Time of the Crisis
   • The Compromise of 1833
     • - The Compromise of 1833 was a compromise about
   • The National Bank
     • The Election of 1832
     • Jackson's Clash with Biddle
       • Nicholas Biddle
     • Jackson and the "pet banks"
       • "Pet Banks"
     • The Specie Circular
       • Inflation
       • Specie Circular
       • Specie