ANCIENT EGYPT

ANCIENT EGYPT

1. Introduction

   • Nile Valley
     • Alluvium: bring water + soil from Lake Victoria
     • Upper Egypt
   • Red land: "dashre"
     • desert: when sun shines
   • Black land: "kemet"
     • riverbank: the earth Nile brings once/year
   • Nile Delta
     • Lower Egypt

2. Predynastic Egypt (3500-2900BC)

   • Neolithic Rev (5000BC)
     • emmer, wheat, flax, barley
     • goat, sheep, cattle pigs
   • techno
     • flaked stone tools: daggers
     • copper working
     • basalt & alabaster stonebowls
     • copper + pottery
   • Trade
     • olive oil fr Palestine
     • jpg
   • El-Omari burial (3200BC)
     • social differences
     • village of 5k ppl
     • 3 centres
       • Thinis
         • dominate + form
         • trade fr Delta
       • Naqada
         • gold mines
       • Hierakonpolis
         • transfer point fr subSaharan
     • burial styles
       • Lower Egypt:lined w mud bricks
       • Upper Egypt: cut in stone

3. Archaic Period (2900-2560BC)

   • Unification 3000 BC
     • regional leaders: nomes and nomearchs
     • irrigation is modest
     • specialisation
       • astronomy, geometry, accounting, surgery, architecture
       • writing fr mesopotamia
         • Hieroglyphics
           • 3000-100BC
           • pictograph & phonetic signs
           • animal looking to the right -> read from left
           • nicer > cuneiform
           • secret, only priest
         • papyrus plants
         • scribes: lively statue
         • Rosetta stone
           • king's name in "cartouches"
     • Capital: Thinis
   • King Narmer
     • duality: king of Upper + Lower
       • yin & yang
   • Reasons 4 development
     • charismatic kingship
     • organizational skill
       • food, labour, places
     • Nile River

4. Pharaonic Egypt

   • ONE
     • 1st Intermediate (2180-2050BC)
       • 70 kings in 150 years
       • increase in power of nomarchs
       • "Corn, laughter has perished everywhere. Grief walks the land"
       • Thebes REBELLLLLLLLL-> CAPITALLLLL
     • Old Kingdom(2650-2180BC)
       • Dyn 3-6
         • Capital: Memphis
       • >>> pyramid construction<<<
       • nomes: territories/ nomarchs
       • ma'at
         • written justice
         • weighing of heart vs feather
       • Pharaoh
         • ==Ra- than mat troi
         • cruel despots
         • DJoser
           • Build 1st pyramid
             • Step Pyramid
             • by architect Imhotep
             • evolve from mastabas (mud brick tomb)
         • Tomb Chapel of Mereruka
         • Sneferu, 1st king of Dyn 4
           • Bent Pyramid of Dahshur
           • oopsie!
         • Pyramid of Giza
           • 4th Dyn
           • laborers -> state
             • 2500-4000
           • Khafre
             • tomb pyramid
             • mortuary/ valley temple
             • causeway
             • Sphinx
           • Khufu
           • Menkaure
         • Thutmose IV
           • Dream Stela
             • clear away sand -> king
             • overthrone brother
       • End of Pyramid building
         • erosion of central gov
         • drought
         • gov overspend
   • TWO
     • Middle Kingdom(2050-1800BC)
       • Mentuhotep II
         • short period
       • Capital: Thebes
       • Amenemhat I
         • Charismatic founder 12th Dyn
         • moves capital: Itj-tawy (seize 2 lands) includ. Memphis
         • democratisation
       • End of Middle Kingdom
         • Asiatic people rise
         • squabble abt succession
     • 2nd Intermediate(1800-1570BC)
       • slow infiltration
       • settle at Tell el-Dab (Avaris): capi of Hyksos
         • Hyksos
           • 1st foreign Dyn: 15th Dyn
           • transcribe their names -> hieroglyphics
           • worship Ra of Heliopolis
             • introduce "monotheism" (Sethism)
           • respect Egy culture
       • horse, chariot
   • THREE
     • New Kingdom (1570-1080BC)
       • General
         • Theban pharaohs: Ahmose the Liberator
         • Empire period: BIGGEST EVER
         • Agressiv foreign policy
         • Religious upheaval
         • Water wheel
           • Shaduf and Saquiya
         • Social strati
           • Pharaoh, nobility, bureaucrats, priest, military, craftsppl, peasants
           • Memphis and Thebes
         • Capital: Thebes
       • Thumose III Dyn 18
         • Napoleon of ancient Egypt
           • dominate S.W Asia
           • defeat Syro-Palestine and Mitanni
           • tax Assyria, Anatolia, Babylonya
           • trade to Afrim Phoenicia, Aegean
           • IMPORTANT
       • Akhenaten (1364-1347BC)
         • REligious: monotheism: replace Ra by sungod Aten
         • capital: El-Amarna
         • temple at Karnak
         • Wife: NEfertiti
         • psychosis, religious fanatic, artistic, disease
       • Tutankhamun
         • boy king, die not know why
         • El-Amarna abandoned
         • polytheism
       • Ramesside Period/ Dyn 19, 20
         • Ramesses II "The Great"
           • lied abt defeating Hittites
           • temple of Luxor and Amun Karnax at Thebes
           • Abu Simbel
             • all 4 colossal statues are him
             • temple for wife Nefertari
       • Valley of the Kings
         • tombs of many kings, queens
         • in Thebes
     • 3rd Intermediate (1080-712BC)
       • Egypt divided
       • foreign power control Egypt
       • conquered by PErsian 343 BC
       • Temple of Isis, Philae
         • Christianity, Islam
         • last known hieroglyphic AD 394

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap