Waste management

Legeslation
1. public health initiated
  1. 1875 local gov had to remove waste
    1. Local goverem,tn had to remove waste, insially to rremove verminbut also to reduce deses spreads and outbreaks!
  2. 1936 public heath act
    1. Control the disposal of waste to water & defined statutory nuisance which might lead to degradation of health/environment
  3. 1990
    1. emmmiosn as a whole
      1. watwer, air and land
    2. if it is damaging waste it must be done in the least harmfull way!
    3. Waste collection, regulation and disposal authorities set up!
types of waste
1. Munciple.
  1. residential, comercial, instutional, Construction/demolition
  2. Landfill
2. industrai and chemical
  1. industrail
    1. 4Xmunciple
    2. by products
      1. of other processes
    3. process specific
      1. al industry is specific to that industy
    4. incinerate or landfill
  2. chemical
    1. hazerdos waste
3. interlinked
4. hazards waste
  1. waste that is toxic and hazerdos to humans or the environemt
  2. regulated
    1. trying to limit
  3. seperated
  4. expencif
  5. technology= phones classed as hazerdos wasteand regulted (campaign to recycle phones!)
waste levels are increasing
1. increase with corelation to GDP
  1. OECD, 2008
    1. want to improve social wellbeing and economics of the world. provides a forum for the world governments to share experiences and solutions to common problems
    2. Waste prevention
    3. Environmentally sound maanagemtn of waste
    4. extended producer responsibility
  2. within developed conturies
2. plastic is the largest increse
Use in other ways.
1. Rubble from building sites can be used to reclaim land from the sea.
2. this is seen on the Holy Loch (tributary to the River Clyde) to reclaim land that will be used to house a new marina facilities
Defining waste
1. Anything that is discarded (EU Council 1991)
2. Waste exists as a variety of states, Liquid, solid and gas. they must be disposed of appropertly. They come from a variety of sources from REsidual (general public, household and small bisnesses (landfill) farmers and industry to nuclear.
Organic/inorganic/biological
1. organic
  1. destroyed by heat/combustion
  2. pesticides, cleaning solvents paints, fuel oil
2. inorganic
  1. metals arsenic inorganic elements
3. microbiological
  1. toxic materials, living cells
    1. bacteria and virisues
trading waste
1. toxic waste is the most moved at nearly 800 million tons in 2000
2. affluent nations pay for there waste to be dealt with by other countries mainly ones which are '3rd world' or developing
  1. may not have the same H&S standards as us or may not deal with it in an appropriate was
Basel
1. permits of trade of hazerdos waste between developing and developed countries
2. Can only force repatriation (return of waste where is is pratical
landfill
1. caped and sealed landfill to stop water run off being contaminated
2. reduction through recycling and insineration
3. landfill directive 1999
  1. to prevent or reduce as far as possible the negative effects on environment by introducing technical requirements for landfills
4. UK and Scotland
  1. introduced by finance act 1996
    1. tax 2008
      1. £2.50 per ton of inert waste (no gasses, no potential to pollute ground water
      2. other waste is £32 per ton. Reason why waste being used in Argyll to reclaim land.
  2. management approches
    1. prevention, minimisation, recycle, reuse, incineration, landfill
  3. Scotland
    1. expectation to recycle more (from 5% to30%), compost more(1%- 15%) and covert to energy (1%-15%) every year (2002-2020) figure by Scottish gov. made in 2003
    2. 41 landfill sites in scot
      1. most in deprived area due to cheep land and marketable
    3. Zero waste plan, minimise waste, sort waste
      1. 70% recycling target, max 5% to landfill
Radioactive waste
1. high activity waste but low volume. low level waste but lots of it
  1. 3,430,000m3 of radioactive waste in the uni, 93% is low level, 0.1% is high level waste (equiveent to 1,090m3
    1. people and environment need to be protected from radioactive waste
      1. time dependent, long life long protection neeed
2. Disposal
  1. HLW: underground Tanks, which its stored
  2. Looking for volunteer councils to have HLW deposit sites
    1. west Cumbria council volunteered as they ahe experience with HLW due to nucular site. Backed out
    2. benefits include jobs and economic.
  3. regulators
    1. Sepa is scotlands
      1. regulate waste disposal at low level repository -Dounreay
      2. ensure hig standards for protection ppl and enviro are in place.
  4. staged regulation
    1. permits required before start of intrusive investigation
    2. decisions must be taken to go ahead before each and every stage
    3. regulation control through construction and operation
    4. benefits
      1. Regulatory control from the outset of development of a geological disposal facility
      2. Transparent process for communities and others
      3. enables better co-ordination of regulatory processes

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Waste management

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