Skeletal System

Skeletal System

1. Osteology

   • Varieties of bones
     • Compact
     • Cancellous
   • Contents of bone
     • 30% organic substances
       • Disease
         • Rickets/Osteomalacia
         • Osteoporosis
     • 67% inorganic substances
   • 7 Bone classes
     • Short bone
     • Sutural bone
     • Sesamoid bone
     • Pneumatic bone
     • Long bone
     • Flat bone
     • Irregular bone
   • Cartilage
     • Type of cartilage
       • Hyaline cartilage
         • facilitating smooth movements at joints.
       • Elastic cartilage
         • great flexibility that able to withstand repeated bending
       • Fibrocartilage
         • owes its inflexibility and toughness
     • Function
       • form structural support in flexible part
       • achieve smooth movement at the joints
       • involve in the growth of bone
       • repair of bones
   • Bone function
     • Support, protection, movement
     • Mineral storage, Blood cell formation

2. Skeletal organization

   • 126 Appendicular bones
     • Pectoral girdle
       • incomplete ring that support upper limbs
         • 2 Scapulae
         • 2 Clavicles
     • Pelvic girdle
       • support and protect lower abdominal and pelvic organ
         • 2 Coxal bones
         • Sacrum
     • Attached limbs
       • Lower limbs
         • Femur
         • Tibia, Fibula
         • Foot
       • Upper limbs
         • Humerus
         • Hand
         • Radius, Ulna
   • 80 Axial bones
     • 22 Skull
       • 8 Cranial bones
       • 13 Facial bones
       • Mandible
     • Vertebral column
       • 12 Thoracic
         • articulate with ribs
       • 7 Cervical
         • comprise neck, support head
       • 5 Lumbar
         • support weight of body
       • 4 Fused Coccyx
       • 5 Fused Sacrum
     • Thoracic cage
       • Ribs
         • 1-7 True/Vertebrosternal
         • 8-10 False/Vertebrochondrial
         • 11-12 Floating ribs
       • Support pectoral girdle and upper limbs

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