hepatitis B

hepatitis B

Virion consists of
1. Outer envelope(HBsAg).
2. Internal core(HBcAg).
3. viral genome which is small partially circular ds-DNA.
4. Genotype D is the dominant in Saudi patients.
Transmission of HBV
1. Parentally: • Direct exposure to infected blood or body fluids
2. Sexually (unprotected sex)
3. Perinatally (from mother to baby): during delivery. • Breastfeeding
Hepatitis B markers
1. 1-HBV DNA
2. 2-(HBsAg)
3. 3-(HBeAg)
  1. active virus replication, highly infectious, present in all body fluids.
4. (Anti-HBc)
  1. 1st antibody that appears
5. (Anti-HBe)
  1. low infectivity,less infectious.
6. (Anti-HBs)
  1. Marker of immunity.
Acute hepatitis B
1. clinical Phases
  1. 1- Anicteric phase:
  2. 2- Icteric phase
    1. jaundice, dark urine and pale stool.
  3. 3- Convalescent phase.
Chronic hepatitis B
1. has three phases
  1. 1- The replicative phase
    1. positive for HBeAg
    2. Liver biopsy shows minimal damage.
    3. ALT is normal
  2. 2- Inflammatory phase
    1. HBeAg positive,
    2. ALT is elevated,
    3. Liver biopsy shows damage to hepatocytes.
  3. 3- Inactive phase
    1. Negative for HBeAg,
    2. Normal ALT.
2. Cirrhosis
  1. ❖ Characterized by fibrosis and nodular formation.
Lab diagnosis
1. detection of HBsAg in the blood.
  1. confirmed by neutralization test.
Treatment
1. Pegylated alpha interferon,
2. Lamivudine,
3. Adefovir,

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

	Erstellt von سلطان العرب vor etwa 7 Jahre