GEOGRAPHY REVISION

GEOGRAPHY REVISION

1. 16 point compass directions: the 4 main points on a compass are North, East, South and West. Half-way between each of these are 4 other points: NE, SE, SW and NW. There are 8 more points between these: they start with the name of the main compass point (eg. North) and are a mix of the 2 closest compass points.

   • Naughty Elephants Squirt Water - North East South West

2. 4 figure co-ordinates: start at the left-hand side of the map and go East until you find the EASTING crossing the bottom lef-hand corner of the square you want. Write the number down. Then move North until you find the NORTHING crossing the bottom left-hand corner of the square you want. Look at the number of the grid line and add it to the two-digit number you already have. This give a 4-figure GRID REFERENCE.

   • HORIZONTAL lines are called NORTHINGS. They are numbered and the numbers increase to the North. The VERTICAL lines are called EASTINGS: these numbers increase in an Easterly direction. When giving a GRID REFERENCE, always give the EASTING first: 'Along the corridor and up the stairs'.

3. 6 figure co-ordinates: this lets you be more accurate than a 4 figure grid reference. Find the 4 figure reference, but leave a space after the first 2 digits. Estimate how many tenths across the symbol lies and write this number next to the first 2 digits. Look at the Northing and the last 2 digits of your reference and do the same again.

4. MEASURING DISTANCE: most maps have a scale that will be given in a SCALE STATEMENT eg. 1:25,000. There may also be a SCALE BAR. The scale shows how much bigger the real world is than the map.

5. RELIEF: a RELIEF MAP shows the CONFIGURATION and HEIGHT of the land surface, usually by means of CONTOURS.

6. Using a KEY and MAP SYMBOLS - MAPS should have: a title, scale, North arrow and a KEY or LEGEND. This lets you make sense of what you are reading. SYMBOLS are used to include detail on maps and are drawn to scale. They can include simple images, letters and abbreviations.

7. CONTOURS: contour lines tell you the height of the land. when the contour lines are closer together that means the land is higher, when the lines are spread further apart it means the land is quite flat.

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap