2.2 Programming

2.2 Programming

1. KEY WORD

   • Input, Output, Assignment, Psuedocode, Flowchart, Identifier, Variable, Constant, Concatenation, Memory Location, Parameters

2. INPUT

   • Inputs come from the console, from a file, or from elsewhere in a modular program – then they are known as 'parameters'

3. OPERATORS

   • Numbers: addition, subtraction, division, modular division (division with a remainder), integer division, multiplication, to-the-power-of, negation Boolean: AND, OR, NOT, larger, smaller, equal, not equal Strings/characters: slicing, length, format

4. INTEGERS AND REALS

   • Addition total = amount + VAT Subtraction e.g. age = cur_year – y_birth Division divide = 5 / 2 Modular division myRemainder = 5 MOD 2 (find a remainder) Integer division intDivision = 5 DVI 2 Multiplication totalCost = cost * 0.2 Exponential area = 3.1 * radius^2

5. STRING OPERATIONS

   • String Features Slicing e.g. LEFT(“monkey”,4) is “monk” Length e.g. LEN(“monkey”) [=6] Change case e.g. “monkey””MONKEY””Monkey” Formatting Features ASCII and Unicode e.g. ASCII(“c”) [=99] Escape characters e.g. ‘it\’s me’ [it’s me] White space: CR NewLine, TAB 4 or 5 spaces

6. BOOLEAN OPERATORS

   • AND - two conditions must be true for the statement to be true OR - at least one condition must be true for the statement to be true NOT – inverts the result, e.g. NOT(A and B) will only be false when both A and B are true

7. WHAT, OPERATORS ARE USED WHERE?

   • Numbers: addition, subtraction, division, modular division (division with a remainder), integer division, multiplication, to-the-power-of, negation Boolean: AND, OR, NOT, larger, smaller, equal, not equal Strings/characters: slicing, length, format

8. MORE KEY WORDS

   • Sequence, algorithm, Instructions, Efficiency, Structured

9. boolean

   • boolean logic is a subset of algebra used for creating true/false statements

10. strings

    • Strings/characters: slicing, length, format

11. SQL

    • selsect(fields) from(file) where