Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Strategies
- Discuss the suggestion that there has been a decline in
sportsmanship since the late 19th century & outline strategies that the
sporting authorities have used in an attempt to maintain high
standards of behaviour.
- Agree
- Explanation of
sportsmanship
- Unwritten
rules of
sport
- etiquette
- fairplay
- spirit of
the game
- 19th century sport
was run by the
middle/ upper class
- elite
performers
were
amateur
- amateur sport
was dominant
- Based on the
concept of
athleticism
- playing for the
love of sport
- not paid
- During the
20th century
professionalism
is increased
- greater extrinsic rewards
- more money involved
- greater commercialisation
- Greater
pressure
from the
media
- national expectation
- media encourages copying
of poor role models
- largely televised
- increase in win at
all cost attitude
- Lombardian ethic
- E.g. performance enhancing drugs
- Caused an
increase in
gamesmanship
- bending the
rules
- Increase in deviancy
- doping
- violent play
- cheating
- abusive language
- match
fixing
- prosecutions
- Disagree
- Sportsmanship is
promoted at events
- e.g. Olympics
- Olympism
- Olympic ideals
- Lombardian ethic
- Performers
are role
models and
understand
their
responsibility
- Greater need
to maintain
image
- to retain sponsors
- to retain
comercial deals
- to retain
the image
of the
sport
- During the 19th
century
corruption was
part of the sport
- may
not have
declined
just now
more
widely
reported
in the
media
- campaigns to
promote
sportsmanship
- Respect
- Fairplay
awards
- sporting
ethics
promoted
within
- schools
- clubs
- education
- Better officials
- citing after game
- better technology to help officials
- fourth official
- Rules changed to promote FairPlay
- On the field
- penalties
- sin bins
- bookings
- Off the field
- fines
- bans
- Punish the club
- deduct points
- matches
behind closed
doors
- Positive role models
- name
and
shame
bad
role
models
- media
- Code of conduct
- players
- spectators
- Drug testing
- Prosecute violent play