Quantum Mechanics

Quantum Mechanics

1. What is the universe made of

   • The Standard Model
     • 6 Quarks
       • Usually in pairs of 3. Have fractional charges. Also carry the color charge.
       • Up
         • Charge = 2/3
         • Charm
           • Charge = 2/3
           • Strange
             • Charge = -1/3
           • Top
             • Charge = 2/3
             • Bottom
               • Charge = -1/3
         • Down
           • Charge = -1/3
       • Hadrons
         • No net color change. Have a full net integer charge
         • Baryons
           • Any Hadron made up of three quarks. Ex: A proton and neutron.
         • Mesons
           • Contain one quark and one antiquark. Ex: Pion.
       • Antiparticle
         • Each Kind of matter particle has a corresponding antimatter particle. These have opposite charges. The corresponding particle to an electron is known as a positron.
     • Force carrier Particles
       • Ex: Photon
       • Antiparticle
         • Particle + Antiparticle = Pure Energy
     • 6 Leptons
       • Exist Independently.
       • Electrons
       • Muon
       • Tau
       • Neutrinos
         • Little mass, Uncharged Leptons.

2. Atom

   • Nucleus
     • Protons(p+)
     • Neutrons
       • Quarks
         • Quarks are considered Fundamental.
   • Electron (e-)

3. What holds the universe together

   • Four Interactions
     • Gravity
       • Known to have a carrier particle known as the graviton.
       • Gravitron
     • Weak
       • Responsible for the decay of massive quarks and leptons into lighter versions.When the type of particle changes, it changes flavor. Weak forces are equal in strength to electromagnetic forces.
     • Electromagnetic
       • Electromagnetic force causes like-charged things to repel and opposite-charged things to attract. The carries particle of the EM force is the photon, which have zero mass and travel at "speed of light" in a vacuum.
     • Strong
       • The force between the colr-charged particles that holds quarks together to form hadrons.
       • Gluons
         • The carrier particles of the Strong force. Tightly glue quarks together. When two quarks are close enough to one another, they exchange gluons and create a very strong color force that binds the quarks together.

4. Unsolved Mysteries

   • Higgs Bogon
     • GRAND UNIFIED THEORY
       • String theory

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