1.2 Memory Version 2

1.2 Memory Version 2

1. BIOS

   • Manages data flow in computer's operating system and attached devices like...
     • Keyboard
     • Mouse
     • Printer
     • Video adapter
   • Basic Input/ Output contains programs to load the hardware
   • POST (Power On Self-Test)
     • Makes sure the components are intact and working properly
     • If test fails, an error message is shown.

2. ROM

   • Memory isn't refreshed/deleted if power has been turned off
   • Read Only Memory
   • Contains BIOS/Boot Strap instructions
   • Non-Volatile
   • Permanent and secure because...
     • Virus attack unlikely
     • Cannot be modified easily
     • Security against accidental/malicious damage

3. RAM

   • Random Access Memory
   • Volatile
   • Temporarily holds data/ information in it's storage until power has been turned off

4. Volatile

   • Gets emptied when the power is turned off

5. Non-Volatile

   • Doesn't loose data when the device is turned off

6. CPU

   • Processes Data
   • Fetches data, decodes data and executes data
   • Central Processing Unit

7. Firmware

   • Permanent Software programmed into non-volatile memory devices
   • Held in...
     • EEPROM
     • ROM
     • Flash Memory

8. Virtual Memory

   • Simulated memory on the hard drive
   • Applications on the computer which RAM cannot support
   • More memory to be used than there is in the system
   • Appears in RAM but is in secondary storage

9. Flash Memory

   • Solid State Media
     • Uses flash memory
     • No moving parts
   • Used for...
     • USB drives
     • Memory cards
     • Solid-state drives
   • Advantages
     • Very reliable (no moving parts)
     • Light weight
     • Very fast access
   • Disadvantages
     • Easily losable
     • More expensive than a CD or DVD
     • Metal part in the USB can be bent/damaged