VERTEBRATES

VERTEBRATES

1. FISH

   • They have long fusiform
   • They have paired fins
   • Many have an air bladder
   • They have a lateral line
   • They are ecotherms
   • Their bodies are covered with scales
   • Don´t hace eyelids
   • Their lens are spherical
   • Chondrichthyes
     • They have a cartilaginous skelleton
     • Their skin is covered with dermal denticles
     • Their mouth is in a ventral position
     • Their teeth are not fused to the jaws
     • They have gills
     • They don´t have an air blader
     • Their caudal fin is heterocercal
   • Osteichthyes
     • They have a bony skelleton
     • Their body is covered with scales
     • Their mouth is located at the extreme end
     • Their gills are protected by a operculum
     • They have an air bladder
     • They have a caudal fin that is homocercal
     • They use sexual reproduction by internal fertilisation

2. AMPHIBIANS

   • They are ecotherms
   • They have bare skin
   • The adults are tetrapods
   • They have lungs with subcutaneous respiration
   • they perform sexual reproduction with external fertilisation
   • They undergo metamorphosis
   • They have a phase called tadpoles, is an aquatic larvae
   • The adult are carnivores and tadpoles omnivores
   • Urodela
     • The adults have a long body with a neck, a torso, a tail and four short limbs
     • They have teeth in their jaws
   • Anura
     • They don´t have a tail in the adult stage
     • They hve a wider body
     • They have tiny or don´t have teeth
     • They have an extendable sticky tong
     • They are able to produce sounds
     • In some species their skin have toxic substances

3. REPTILES

   • They are ecotherms
   • They are aquatic and terrestial animals
   • Their skin is covered with hard horny scales
   • They have a neck, a torso, and a tail
   • They have four short limbs
   • Their sense organs are located in the head
   • They have a tongue
   • They are carnivores
   • They have teeth
   • They have two lungs
   • They use sexual reproduction with internal fertilisation
   • They are oviparous
   • They produce amniotic eggs
   • They live in hot climates
   • Chelonia
     • They have a hard shell
     • They can be carnivorous and herbivorous
     • They don´t have teeth
   • Squamata Orphidia
     • They don´t have limbs
     • They use their bodies to move
     • They are carnivorous
     • They have jaws that are joined by ligaments
   • Squamata Sauria
     • They have five toes with claws on each foot
     • They have mobile eyelids
     • They can be carnivotous or insectivorous
   • Crocodila
     • Their bodies are covered by a thick layer of bony plates
     • They are carnivorous
     • They have very strong jaws

4. BIRD

   • They are terrestial ecotherms
   • They can live in any tipe of climate
   • They havea fusiform aerodynamic body
   • Their bodies are covered with feathers
     • Rachis
     • Barb
     • Quill
   • They have wings
   • They have hollow bones
   • Their lungs have air sacs
   • Their eyes are in a lateral position
   • They have a beak
   • They perform sexual reproduction with internal fertilisation
   • They are oviparous and lay amniotic eggs

5. MAMMALS

   • They are endothermic
   • They can be aquatic or terrestial
   • Their bodies are covered with hair
   • They have mammary glands
   • Their limbs have the same anatomical pattern
   • They have teeth
   • They breathe wuth lungs
   • They perform sexual reproduction with internal fertilisation
   • Monotremes
     • They are oviparous
     • They have a leathery beak and no teeth
     • Their bodies are covered with fur
   • Marsupials
     • They are oviparous
     • They need to complete their development in a external pouch called marsupium
   • Placentals
     • They are viviparous
     • They feed through an organ called placenta

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