Specific Immune Response

Specific Immune Response

1. Pathogen engulfed and partially digested by macrophages

   • Macrophage becomes antigen-presenting cell
     • Clonal selection to find correct T lymphocytes
       • Clonal expansion to reproduce T helper cells through mitosis
         • Release of cytokines (interleukins) to stimulate proliferation
           • Activation of B cells
             • Clonal expansion to reproduce B cells
               • Some differentiate to make plasma cells
                 • Plasma cells manufacture antibodies
               • Some differentiate to make B memory cells
                 • Memory cells circulate in body to provide immunological memory
       • B cells mature in bone marrow
       • T cells originate in bone marrow but mature in thymus gland
       • Clonal expansion to reproduce T killer cells
         • T killer cells search for infected cells
           • T killer cells attach to infected cells
             • T killer cells secrete toxic substances (hydrogen peroxide) into infected cells to kill cells and pathogens inside it