Clasification of materials

Clasification of materials

1. METALS

   • Metals are the widest used of the four materials.
   • Also go into extreme applications like jet engines mining equipment and space exploration even the tallest buildings in the world are only possible due to metals.
   • Metals can be divided into two sub groups
     • FERROUS
       • Iron
         • Is one of the most plentiful elements in the Earth's crust.
       • This group consists of steels and cast irons
     • NON-FERROUS
       • Some examples are aluminium, copper zinc, titanium and nickel.
   • PROPERTIES
     • Have good electrical and thermal
       • They are ductile
         • Strong tough
           • Strength at temperature.

2. POLYMERS

   • Polymers are organic carbon containing molecular chains.
     • PLASTIC POLYMERS
       • Are widely used in many different industries
     • NATURAL POLYMERS
       • Consist of amber wool silk natural rubber and cellulose which is the main constituent of wood and paper
     • SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
       • These have revolutionized modern society these include synthetic rubber nylon PVC polystyrene silicon and many more..
   • PROPERTIES
     • Are primarily made up from hydrocarbons these are the building blocks of plastic
     • the toughness can be varied
     • the strength can be varied
     • they can be a good conductor of electricity
     • And are often very good insulators

3. CERAMICS

   • Have been used for thousands of years and the most common to a glass and clay
     • Clay was the first material that we learned to transform into another state using fire
       • Clay was used to form items like jugs and bowls glass which is mainly made from sand
   • PROPERTIES
     • Ceramics are an inorganic nonmetallic material.
     • Light weight
     • High strength
     • High hardness
     • Good heat
     • Wear resistance making them excellent for furnace linings

4. COMPOSITES

   • Is a combination of two or more materials composites
     • Have been used for centuries in the form of concrete
   • CONCRETE
     • Is likely to be the most common composites
     • Consists of a cement matrix and a stone or aggregate reinforcement
   • FIBERGLASS
     • With a matrix of plastic and a reinforcement of fine strands of glass
   • CARBON FIBER
     • It is made from fibers of carbon and plastic similar to glass fiber
     • PROPERTIES
       • Strength
       • Stiffness whilst lightweight
       • Carbon fiber is very expensive

5. For engineering purposes materials can be divided into four key areas

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