Zusammenfassung der Ressource
BOUNDED
RATIONALITY
- 1) Rational
principles, that underlie
nonoptimizing adaptive
behavior of real people
(Simon, 1957)
Anmerkungen:
- Introductory notes - start reading here
- H. A. Simon :
search for
alternatives,
satisficing,
aspiration
adaptation
- R. Selten:
cognitive &
MOTIVATIONAL
bounds
- 2) Physical Symbol
System
- only physical symbol
system is capable of an
intelligent behavior
- ability to input, output, store
and modify symbol structures
- ability to perform
these action
responding to the
symbols itselfs
- H1 : Computers as
physical symbol
systems, can be
programmed to think
- H2 : The Human
Brain is at least
a physical symbol
system
- Adaptivity
- ability to adjust
the response
according to the
requirements of
the task
- Because of limits on their
computing speeds and
power intelligent systems
must use approximate
methods to handle most
tasks. Their rationality is
bounded (p.6)
- 1 blade of scissors :
environment
- different approximations =
different solutions
- 2 blade of scissors :
thinking capacities of
a system
- knowledge,
skills, strategy
- 3) Mechanisms for
rationality -
satisfactory solutions
with modest
computation
- Procedural rationality
- Recognition - intuition
- Heuristics -
rules of thumb
- a) clear
structure: search
directly towards
the goal
- b) if the structure
is unknown
- satisficing
- means - end
analysis
- Serial pattern
recognition &
organization
- 4) Thinking &
Reasoning
- Problem-solving
metaphor
- goals are achieved
by sequence of
moves through a
problem space
- recognition
of the
conditions - action
- Reasoning metaphor
- goals = sentences
derived from other
sentences
- rules of
inference
to derive
new
sentences
- 4) Cognitive Architecture -
"the whole cognitive man
- Memories
- Sensoric processors
- Interpreters of
motor signals
- EPAM
- GPS
- Pattern
Induction
system
- Systems for
encoding
natural
language
- Systems for
encoding image
representations
- Adaptive production
system
- %) Other Approaches
in Psychology
- Individual
differences
- Knowledge
- factual knowledge
- learned skills
- Strategies
& transfer
- Social
Psychology
- Social
Environment
of cognition
- impact on
acquisition of
cognition
- impact on
structure of
cognition