Cholesterol

Cholesterol

1. Absorption

   • Diet
     • Esterified
     • Fiber
     • Phospholipids
     • Plant sterols
   • Bile
     • Increased cholesterol content
   • Intestinal epithelial sloughing
   • ACAT2 and MTTP
   • NPC1L1
     • Chylomicrons
       • Liver
     • ERC

2. Synthesis

   • Condensation of isoprenoid units
     • Acetyl-CoA
       • Acetoacetyl-CoA
         • HMG-CoA
           • Mevalonate
             • Statin drugs
               • Type I
                 • Fungal
               • Type II
                 • Synthetic
             • HMGCR
               • Insulin
               • AMPK
               • INSIG
             • Mevalonate Kinase
               • Phosphomevalonate Kinase
                 • Diphosphomevalonate Decarboxylase
                   • Isopentenyl-diphosphate δ-Isomerase
                     • Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase.
                       • Squalene Synthase.
           • HMG-CoA Synthase.
             • Diabetic ketoacidosis.
         • Thiolase (ACAT)
   • Cyclization of squalene
     • Lanosterol
       • Cholesterol
     • Squalene Monooxygenase.
       • 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase-Lanosterol Synthase
   • Homeostasis
     • Intracellular levels
       • SREBP2
         • SCAP
         • SRE
         • Thyroid hormone
     • Obesity
     • Circadian rhythm
       • CYP8B and HMGCR expression
     • HDAC3
     • Pregnancy
   • Dietary restrictions
   • Increasing meal frequency
   • SFA reduce LDLr
   • Long term dietary intake

3. Metabolism

   • Oxysterols
     • Bile acids
   • Pregnenolone
     • Steroid hormons

4. Reverse transport

   • HDL-c
     • Apo A-1
       • ABCA1
       • ABCG1
       • SR-B1
       • LCAT
   • Exercise
     • VLDL's TAG hydrolysis
     • LDL-c decrease
   • Nutrition
     • Low carbohydrates diet
     • Trans FA
     • Flavanols
     • Isoflavones
     • Flavanones

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