Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Genes
- Genes are a heritable factor that consists of DNA and influences a specific characteristic
- loci are specific positions one a chromosome
- alleles are different forms of the same gene and occupy the same locus
- snps (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are when more than one base may be present
- mutations are random changes in DNA sequences that result in new alleles
- sickle cell anemia is an example of a mutation
- sickle cell anemia is caused by the mutation in the alpha-globin peptide in hemoglobin
- the deformed cells become trapped in the capillaries, blocking them and reducing blood flow
- sicle cell anemia and malaria: those who only possess the normal blood cell allele are more susceptible to malaria, those that produce enough sickle cells have an increased resistance to malaria
- a genome is the entire base sequence of each DNA molecules in an organism
- in plants, the genome is in nuclear chromosomes and DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts
- in animals, the genome is in nuclear chromosomes and DNA in the mitochondria