What is a cybercrime?

What is a cybercrime?

1. Cybercrime is any criminal activity that involves a computer, networked device or a network.

   • Some cybercrimes are carried out against computers or devices directly to damage or disable them, while others use computers or networks to spread malware illegal information, images or other materials.
     • Types of Cybercrime
       • Cyberbullying
         • Cyberbullying means using online technology to hurt someone on purpose. In other words, people use the Internet to harass and embarrass people
           • Today, kids use social media, texting, and email to talk to their friends. This means cyberbullying can happen easily.
             • Sometimes, cyberbullying is a single child sending a cruel text. But it can also be a group of kids posting hurtful things about someone to other kids. And then those kids forward the messages to even more people.
               • Cyberbullying actions, which are more common among children and young adults, can also be observed in adults. In such cases, serious legal sanctions are imposed on adults, including prison sentences.
                 • The effects of cyberbullying can be very harmful, especially for children and teenagers. Cyberbullying causes significant emotional and psychological distress. Children who have to deal with such actions can experience anxiety, fear, depression and low self-esteem. They may also experience physical symptoms and a lack of success at school.
       • Grooming
         • Grooming is when an adult forges a relationship with a child by filling a need in their life or take advantage of a child’s vulnerabilities.
           • The different stages of grooming on the internet can be skipped or the order changed, depending on the responses of the potential victim. They are:
             • 1. FRIENDSHIP FORMING phase- This is the first stage of initial contact. It usually involves casual conversation about the topic of a chat room or something on their profile.
             • 2. RELATIONSHIP FORMING phase- In this stage, the conversation usually gets more personal in nature, less casual but not necessarily sexual at this point.
             • 3. RISK ASSESSMENT phase- At this point, they may bring up sex, drinking, drugs, send images or try to have a phone call. This is an attempt to see what the person is open to, if they shut down, stop talking, or don’t like an image that was sent, they will back off for a while to build the relationship before introducing the subject again.
             • 4. EXCLUSIVITY phase- This is when the person attempts to pull them away from their other online or personal friends. They get upset when the person isn’t online, or opts to do things away from the computer. A child’s increased “need” to be online is an indicator that this may be happening.
             • 5. SEXUAL phase- This is when the conversation about a potential meeting has turned to sex. It can be through coercion by threatening exposure or by the relationship going to the level of feeling love for the person.
       • Zoombombing
         • It is a type of cyberattack; it describes when someone hijacks a Zoom teleconferencing chat.
           • Users say their meetings have been interrupted by strangers drawing offensive imagery on screen, sharing pornographic images and sharing the personal information of people in the chat, or taunting them with hate speech and threats.
           • The FBI has recommendations for making your Zooming more secure, including:
             • Do not make meetings or classrooms public. In Zoom, there are two options to make a meeting private: You can require a meeting password or use the waiting-room feature and control the admittance of guests.
             • Do not share a link to a teleconference or classroom on a publicly available social-media post. Provide the link directly to specific people.
             • Manage screen-sharing options. In Zoom, change screen-sharing to “Host Only.”
             • Make sure that users are using the updated version of remote access/meeting applications.
       • Malware
         • Malware, short for malicious software, is a blanket term for viruses, worms, trojans and other harmful computer programs hackers use to wreak destruction and gain access to sensitive information.
           • There are a wide range of potential attack techniques used by malware: escalation to gain remote administrator access:
             • Spyware is installed on a computer without its owner’s knowledge to monitor their activity and transmit the information to a third party; In essence, it spies on your behavior as you use your computer, and on the data you send and receive, usually with the purpose of sending that information to a third party.
             • A keylogger is a specific kind of spyware that records all the keystrokes a user makes—great for stealing passwords.
             • Ransomware stops users from accessing their devices and demands that they pay a ransom through certain online payment methods to regain access.
             • Scareware is fake anti-virus software that pretends to scan and find malware/security threats on a user’s device so that they will pay to have it removed.
       • Sexting
         • Sexting is sending sexually explicit messages, photos, or videos via cell phone, computer, or any digital device. Sexting includes photos and videos containing nudity or showing simulated sex acts. It also includes text messages that discuss or propose sex acts.
           • Sexting is often done as a joke, a way of getting attention, or as flirting. Parents should discuss the issue with their children to ensure they understand the risks and what to if or when they're pressured to participate.
             • Why Is Sexting a Problem?
               • A photo shared between two people can quickly become a viral phenomenon. Teens may believe it will be kept private and then discover it has been shared widely with their peers, sometimes with grave consequences. These include arrests of teens who shared photos of themselves or other underage teens.
       • Phishing
         • It is a cybercrime in which a target or targets are contacted by email, telephone or text message by someone posing as a legitimate institution to lure individuals into providing sensitive data such as personally identifiable information, banking and credit card details, and passwords.
           • Prevent Phishing Attacks:
             • Generally, emails sent by a cybercriminals are masked so they appear to be sent by a business whose services are used by the recipient.

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