Cyber Security

Cyber Security

1. Hacking

   • White hat hackers
     • Hired to find flaws in websites ect.
     • Legal
   • Black hat hackers
     • Illegal
     • Hacks into computers for personal details, bank details ect.
   • Grey hat hackers
     • Illegal
     • Hacks into peoples details ect and demands money within a certain amount of time or or their details will be leaked

2. Cyber attacks

   • KeyLogging
     • Keyloggers will track every key you press so when entering bank details, passwords ect they are now known to the keylogger
   • Malware
     • Malware is designed to damage and destroy computer system like a virus, adware, spyware and ransome ware
   • Ransomware
     • Ransomware can get onto your computer via sketchy links ect. then the hacker will take what every they want, from personal files to frying the computer itself and then they will demand money or else they will do what they want
   • Botnets
     • A botnet is a network of computers that have been intentionally infected with malware by cybercriminals in order to perform automated tasks on the internet without the permission (or often the knowledge) of the devices’ owners. The term is an abbreviation of ‘robot network’
       • When a bot penetrates a computer, its controller can assume command of the device and others in the botnet through communications channels using standards-based network protocols
   • Phishing
     • Phishing is a cyber attack that uses disguised email as a weapon. The goal is to trick the email recipient into believing that the message is something they want or need — a request from their bank, for instance, or a note from someone in their company — and to click a link or download an attachment.

3. How to avoid Cyber Attacks

   • Use a vpn
   • Download an anti virus
   • Back-up all your files
   • Be careful of the links you press
   • Two factor authentication

4. Encryption

   • Cipher
     • a method of encrypting text
   • Plaintext
     • the unencrypted data
   • Ciphertext
     • the encrypted data
   • Key
     • some information needed to encrypt/decrypt the data
   • Crack
     • to read encrypted data without being given the key beforehand
   • Brute Force
     • crack a cipher by trying every possible key until successful
   • Statistical Attack
     • crack a cipher by using statistics and estimates of the most likely values
   • Caesar Cipher
     • a simple cipher, where each letter is shifted a number of places up the alphabet
   • Substitution Cipher
     • a simple cipher where each letter is replaced by a different letter