Thinking/Problem Solving

Thinking: the internal steps you take directed towards solving a problem.
What is the main argument?
1. You move from an initial state to a goal state when trying to solve a problem.
Problem Solving: how you move from your current state to your goal state.
Overall structure that guides our thinking:
1. Developing a schema or mental plan
  1. Your structure is more organized and directed towards achieving your goal.
  2. When we problem solve we develop a mental plan to accomplish that task
2. Development of Skill
  1. **Chunking plays a major role in developing a skill.** You're not just getting more efficient @ the skills but how you think about it changes as well.
  2. What is the cause of rapid improvement?
    1. Some sort of qualitative change
      1. Qualitative: you approach the task differently.
Chunking: grouping together details and pulling that info out when you need it.
1. Some sort of hierarchal organization
Automatization
1. Definition: as you practice a skill long enough and get good at it. The subcomponents of the skill become second nature or without conscious awareness.
  1. Negatives: once a skill is set in motion it can be difficult to stop.
    1. Example: when you see words on a screen its incredibly difficult not to read them automatically.
2. Closely realted with skill development.
Restructuring
1. When you think about a problem for long enough, you start approaching the situation differently. That will help you solve the problem.
2. What leads us to think about problems differently?
  1. Continued Instruction
  2. Continued Effort
  3. Sudden insight
3. Restructuring & Humor
  1. -> restructuring at the end of a joke must be clever to be funny.
  2. -> Some have argued that how we view humor is related to restructuring.
Reasoning
1. Types:
  1. Inductive
    1. going from particular to general.
    2. given some specific rule and you form a general rule based on that.
  2. Deductive
    1. going from general to particular.
    2. given some general rule and you form a specific one from that rule.
    3. Atmosphere Effect: if all the quantifiers (Some, All, etc.) match, then ppl are more likely to say the conclusion is valid.
    4. *Makes the claim that if you're given two correct premises and apply the rules of deductive reasoning correctly = valid conclusion.
      1. The above is not accurate!!!!!!

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