3158628
Beschreibung
Mindmap von Becky Guan, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Becky Guan
vor mehr als 10 Jahre
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Plato
- Plato's Allegory of
'The Cave'
- Written in Socratic
Dialogue
- People live chained to a wall with a fire
behind them. Shadows are cast on the wall
they are facing by different objects. The
shadows are as close as the people get to
viewing reality, and they begin naming the
shadows.
- One person (philosopher) is released from
the cave and comes to understand the
shadows on the wall do not make up
reality. He is able to perceive the true form
of reality.
- He goes back to the cave to explain his
discoveries, but the lack of light blinds
him, and the others think that going out
has harmed him and are dissuaded from
undertaking a similar journey. If the
prisoners were able to, they would reach
out and kill anyone who attempted to
take them from the cave.
- 'Theory of Forms'
- 'Forms' ('Ideas') and not the material
world known through sensation,
possesses the highest and most
fundamental kind of reality. Only
knowledge of the 'Forms' would
constitute 'real' knowledge
- 'Forms' ('Ideas') and not the material
world known through sensation,
possesses the highest and most
fundamental kind of reality. Only
knowledge of the 'Forms' would
constitute 'real' knowledge
- 'Theory of Forms'
- He goes back to the cave to explain his
discoveries, but the lack of light blinds
him, and the others think that going out
has harmed him and are dissuaded from
undertaking a similar journey. If the
prisoners were able to, they would reach
out and kill anyone who attempted to
take them from the cave.
- One person (philosopher) is released from
the cave and comes to understand the
shadows on the wall do not make up
reality. He is able to perceive the true form
of reality.
- Used to compare the
effect of education and
the lack of it on human
nature
- Written in Socratic
Dialogue
- Historical Context
- Greece - Composed of small
city states - Autonomous
governments
- Constant
warfare/Internal
strife
- Greece - Composed of small
city states - Autonomous
governments
- Psychological Theory
- Analogy between society and the individual
Ideal Society = Ideal Life
- Person is composed of
2 elements: Body and
Soul
- Human Soul composed
of three parts:
- Rational Element
(Wisdom)
- Wisdom rules over the Desires.
Spirit helps enforce the laws of the
Rational Element
- Wisdom rules over the Desires.
Spirit helps enforce the laws of the
Rational Element
- Spirited Element
(Courage)
- Appetitive Element
(Desire/Passion)
- Rational Element
(Wisdom)
- Human Soul composed
of three parts:
- 'Ideal Society'
- Each of the components of
the soul correspond with a
class in society
- Ruling Class (Rational)
- Warriors (Spiritual)
- General Citizenry (Appetitive)
- Like the ideal individual, the ideal
society will be one in which all these
elements function harmoniously, with
the warriors assisting the rulers to
keep the citizenry under benign control.
- Ruling Class (Rational)
- Each of the components of
the soul correspond with a
class in society
- Person is composed of
2 elements: Body and
Soul
- Analogy between society and the individual
Ideal Society = Ideal Life
- The 'Philosopher
Kings'
- Plato believed that some people are better
than others. If everyone were equally virtuous,
there would be no need for government.
- Philosopher Kings
rule autonomously
- Philosopher kings must be
properly schooled, to allow them
to make the right decision.
- Plato believed that family interests and desire for
riches are the 2 greatest obstacles to good,
impartial leadership, and as such, Philosopher Kings
would have no families or private wealth
- Plato believed that family interests and desire for
riches are the 2 greatest obstacles to good,
impartial leadership, and as such, Philosopher Kings
would have no families or private wealth
- Philosopher kings must be
properly schooled, to allow them
to make the right decision.
- Despised democracy as it lead to
the death of his mentor, Socrates
- Ruling is a skill
- People differ innately in their
capabilities their ability to acquire and
use various skills
- Those who exhibit the greatest capacity
for ruling should be trained and should
eventually become autonomous rulers
- Given absolute authority so
that their laws will be put
into effect
- Given absolute authority so
that their laws will be put
into effect
- Ruling is a skill
- Plato believed that some people are better
than others. If everyone were equally virtuous,
there would be no need for government.
- Criticisms
- Is ruling is a skill
achievable only by a few?
- Ruling is not reducible
to a science, the way
that medicine is.
- A good society is one which
allows for the full expression
of its citizens’ interests.
- Only one ‘good life’; absolute standards
of goodness and the philosopher king
knows what these are
- Only one ‘good life’; absolute standards
of goodness and the philosopher king
knows what these are
- A good society is one which
allows for the full expression
of its citizens’ interests.
- Ruling is not reducible
to a science, the way
that medicine is.
- Should a ruler be
given absolute power?
- Experience tells us that intelligent people
can always find ways of circumventing
safeguards and misusing authority.
- Infallible rulers don't exsist
- Experience tells us that intelligent people
can always find ways of circumventing
safeguards and misusing authority.
- Would Plato’s state
represent the ideal state?
- Mature citizenry implies
responsibility – but Plato’s society is
paternalistic. Most citizens will never
be free to make their own decisions.
- In Plato’s society, limited
self-expression means no change
- In Plato’s society, limited
self-expression means no change
- Mature citizenry implies
responsibility – but Plato’s society is
paternalistic. Most citizens will never
be free to make their own decisions.
- Is ruling is a skill
achievable only by a few?
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