Hydrological Balance

Hydrological Balance

1. Evaluation of contributions or discharges of water to an aquifer system or hydrographic basin

   • 2.2.1 Determination of groundwater recharge
     • One of the most important parameters are direct, geochemical, physical and climatic methods
       • P = ETR + R + I
   • 2.2.3. Runoff estimation
     • Tixéront and Berkaloff created a relationship in a simplified form of runoff
       • R=P^2/〖3ETP〗^2
   • 2.2.4 Estimation of infiltration
     • It is calculated by difference with the rest of the parameters, with
       • I=P-(ETR-R)
   • 2.2.2. Estimation of potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration
     • In 1948, Thornthwaite proposed an expression to estimate FTE considering only the monthly temperature
       • ETP=16 (10T/I)^α χ F (⋋)
       • Acerca de la ETR, es la siguiente formulación de Coutagne
         • ETR=P-⋋P^2

2. Precipitation

   • water falling from clouds to the Earth's surface, either in liquid or solid form
     • According to its intensity
       • weak
       • moderate
       • powerful
       • Very strong
       • torrential
     • According to its manifestation
       • Drizzle
       • Rain
       • Rain shower
     • Solid
       • Snow
       • Hail
       • Grainy snow

3. Water flow

   • volume of water that passes through a surface in a given time
     • Direct gauges
       • With apparatus or procedure to measure
     • Indirect or continuous gauges
       • Measurement of the water level in the riverbed and as a result of the water level

4. Evaporation

   • physical process that consists of the slow and gradual passage from a liquid state to a gaseous state
     • Temperature increase
     • Decreased pressure
     • Combination of both effects

5. Water storage in various forms

   • It consists of the aquifers formed in the underground part
     • Aquifers
       • Underground volume of rock and sand that contains water

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