B1.3 - Drugs | Mindmap

B1.3 - Drugs

how drugs are developed
1. stage 1
  1. drug tested on cells in lab
    1. initial reaction of cells
    2. toxicity
    3. no major side effects
      1. eg excessive growth
  2. computer modelling used
2. stage 2
  1. tested on tissues/cultures
    1. no major side effects
  2. done in vitro (in a petri dish)
3. stage 3
  1. animal testing
    1. check effect on organs
      1. toxicity
      2. side effects
4. stage 4
  1. human testing on healthy volunteers
    1. side effects
    2. why?
      1. humans react differently to other animals
5. stage 5
  1. human testing on small numbers of people with disease
    1. check drug works
    2. targets disease
    3. side effects
6. stage 6
  1. human testing on large numbers of unhealthy patients
    1. look for side effects
    2. interaction with other drugs
7. stage 7
  1. licensing of drug
  2. licensing process
  3. all data sent to scientists at NICE
    1. decide whether license issued
types of drugs
1. medicinal
  1. paracetamol/aspirin
    1. used to treat symptoms not disease
    2. can be addictive if used excessively
  2. statins
    1. controls cholesterol in blood
    2. reduces risk of heart attack or stroke
    3. once given patient never stops taking
    4. safe
2. illegal
  1. stimulants
    1. make people feel full of energy
    2. can cause heart attack
    3. eg cocaine
  2. depresants
    1. make people feel more relaxed
    2. can cause respiratory arrest
    3. eg heroin
  3. hallucinogenic
    1. makes surroundings more intense
    2. cause inability to regulate body temperature and blood clots
    3. eg LSD or ecstasy
  4. performance enhancing
    1. stimulate muscle development to help athletes train
    2. eg steroids
smoking
alcohol

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B1.3 - Drugs

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