Architecture of the CPU

Architecture of the CPU

1. The Purpose of the CPU

   • the data processing operations in a computer are carried out by the CPU.

2. The Fetch-execute Cycle

   • the computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory and then carry out the actions

3. common CPU components and their functions

   • ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
     • represents the fundamental building block of the central processing unit of a computer.
   • CU (Control Unit)
     • A control unit or CU is circuitry that directs operations within a computer's processor.
   • Cache
     • a collection of items of the same type stored in a hidden or inaccessible place
   • Registers
     • A register is a very small amount of fast memory that is built into the CPU in order to speed up its operations by providing quick access to commonly used values.

4. The Von Neuman Architecture

   • MAR (Memory address register)
     • This register is used to access data and instructions from memory during the execution phase of instruction.
   • MDR (Managed detection and response)
     • the register of a computer`s control unit that contains the data to be stored in the computer storage (e.g. RAM), or the data after a fetch from the computer storage.
   • pROGRAM cOUNTER