METAPHOR

METAPHOR

1. Related Metaphors and their System

   • “TIME IS MONEY”, “TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE” and “TIME IS A VALUABLE COMMODITY” Metaphors not only shape how we talk about certain concepts, but also how we understand and act upon them.

2. Partial Understanding and Figurative Extension

   • Metaphors can extend beyond literal boundaries into figurative, poetic, or colorful ways of thinking and speaking

3. The Systematization of Metaphorical Concepts

   • This metaphor structures much of the language we use to talk about communication and has implications for how we understand the communicative process.
     • The Driver Metaphor
       • Implications of the Driver Metaphor: the meaning of words can be highly context-dependent
       • Limitations of Metaphor: Context is crucial in determining meaning

4. Orientational Metaphoric Concepts

   • These metaphors, often based on spatial orientations (up-down, in-out, front-back, etc.), arise from the interaction of our bodies with the physical environment
     • DOWN
       • SAD , UNCONSCIOUS, SICKNESS AND DEATH , BEING SUBJECT TO CONTROL OR FORCE , LESS, LOW STATUS , BAD, DEPRAVITY, EMOTIONAL
     • UP
       • HAPPY, CONSCIOUS, HEALTH AND LIFE , HAVING CONTROL OR FORCE , MORE, HIGH STATUS , 28. GOOD, 29. VIRTUE , 30. RATIONAL.