Zusammenfassung der Ressource
diabetes
- Type 1 diabetes (IDDM)
- weight loss
- presents young
- ketonuria
- rapid onset
- dehydration
- hyperventilation
- Type 1 Pathophysiology
- NO INSULIN PRODUCED
- ingested glucose remains in blood
- = HYPERGLYCAEMIA >8mmol/l
- renal system can't cope with increased glucose - renal threshold exceeded
- kidneys remove excess glucose as waste
- GLYCOSURIA
- water is attracted to glucose
- POLYURIA
- due to losing excess water, more fluid required for cell function
- POLYDIPSIA
- No glucose reaching cells
- pancreas releases glucagon to act on glycogen stores
- GLYCOGENOLYSIS
- Glycogen supplies quickly depleted
- GLUCONEOGENESIS (from lactic acid and amino acids)
- by product - Ketones
- KETONURIA
- if untreated KETOACIDOSIS - resulting in diabetic coma
- lipid metabolism activated
- WEIGHT LOSS
- EXHAUSTION
- Type 2 diabetes (mature onset)
- retinopathy
- nephropathy
- neuropathy
- peripheral vascular disease
- ischaemic heart disease
- gradual onset
- weight loss not always present
- insidious exhaustion
- Type 2 pathophysiology
- either: not enough insulin or insulin resistance
- as insulin still present no ketones are released
- because insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis
- Gestational diabetes (GDM)
- Family Hx of Type 2
- Hypertension
- > 30 yrs
- obesity
- previous large baby
- Hx of GDM / impaired GTT
- previous baby with congenital abnormality
- previous late IUD
- general signs and symptoms
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- boils
- lethargy
- glycosuria
- prolonged, frequent, recurring infections
- pruritis vulvae