Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

1. Def: Smallest unit of element that RETAINS CHEM PROPS OF ELEMENT

2. Made of 3 primary types of subatomic particles

   • Protons
   • Neutrons
   • Electrons

3. 2 regions

   • Nucleus
   • Large region of (-)ve-charge (Electronic cloud)
     • Filled with electrons
     • Low mass (no mass)

4. Mass

   • 1 a.m.u= 1.673*10^-24g
     • Mass of H atom & Mass of 1 proton
   • Mass 1 electron = Mass of 1 proton/2000
   • Protons & neutrons have the same atomic masses

5. Atomic Isotopes

   • Def: An atom of the same element with a different mass number
   • Isotopes of the same element have the same no. of protons but different number of neutrons
   • Most differ in natural abundance, some are radioactive, some stable
   • Mass no. is the weighted average of all isotopes of an element

6. Mass No = nucleon no (above) Atomic number = proton no (below)

7. Ions

   • Def: Electrically-charged particles
   • Result from gain or loss of electrons from parent atom
   • Atoms = neutral
   • Ions = Charged
   • 2 types
     • Anion
       • Ion of an atom that gained electrons
       • Negatively-charged
       • F + 1e -> F-
     • Cation
       • Positively-charged
       • Ion of an atom formed by loss of electrons
       • Na -> Na+ + e

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