Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Science VS Pseudoscience
- Falsifiability
- Science
- Hypothesis tested by what is seen
- Observations
- Experiments
- Empiricism
- Hypothesis can be proven wrong (falsified)
- Psuedoscience
- Theories/hypothesis not based on empiricism
- Opinions
- Speculation
- Belif
- Hypothesis difficult to falsify
- Paranormal psychology
- Some explanations cannot be tested empirically
- e.g. Psychic waves
- When empirical tests are possible, explanations are given for negative results
- Psi phenomenon not appearing
- negative vibes (shyness effect)
- Time of day is wrong
- Subject is having a bad day
- Control
- Science
- highly controlled conditions help control unwanted factors
- Can test effect IV has on DV and find causal relationships
- Pseudoscience
- Many hypothesis are not capable of being tested under controlled conditions
- Concepts too vague
- Concepts impossible to execute
- Paranormal psychology
- psychic phenomena cannot be tested under controlled conditions
- Ghosts
- Alien abductions
- Poltergeists
- Randi
- Psi phenomena not tightly controlled are prone to confounding variables
- Fraud
- Experimenter effects
- environmental factors
- Replication
- Science
- Controlled experiments are often replicated by other researchers
- Check reliability of results
- Pseudoscience
- Difficult to replicate due to poor design
- Excuse is research not capable of being tested
- Paranormal psychology
- Some phenomena cannot be replicated
- Ghosts
- Alien abductions
- Many psi phenomena are tested under tight replicable conditions
- Ganzfeld
- Peer review
- Science
- Submit research to be scrutinised by others
- Before journal publication
- Identifies errors and fraud
- Pseudoscience
- Often skip peer review
- Publish work in non-scientific sources
- Books
- Internet
- Magazines
- Paranormal Psychology
- Not all avoids process of peer review
- publish findings in parapsychology journals
- Pseudoscience
- False science
- Based on emotion rather than logic
- Methodologically flawed and not replicable
- Dismissive of counter evidence
- Not published in peer review journals
- Vague with specialist terms
- Science
- Objective
- empirical
- Replicable
- Rational
- Falsifiable