POLYMERS

POLYMERS

1. ALKANE

   • C = METHANE C2 = ETHANE C3 = PROPANE C4 = BUTANE C5 = PENTANE

2. ALKENE

   • C=C = ETHENE C=C=C = PROPENE C=C=C=C = BUTENE C=C=C=C=C = PENTENE
     • CAN NOT HAVE 'METHENE' BECAUSE METHANE DOES NOT HAVE A DOUBLE BOND

3. LD POLY(ETHENE)

   • STRUCTURE & BONDING
     • Branched chains prevent molecules packing too close together. Only allows weak forces between bonds (intermolecular forces)
   • FORMATION
     • High pressure & trace oxygen
   • STRENGTH
     • WEAK - low melting point
   • USES
     • Cling film & plastic bags

4. HD POLY(ETHENE)

   • STRUCTURE & BONDING
     • Straight chains allowing molecules to pack close together. Allows stronger forces between molecules
   • FORMATION
     • Low pressure and a catalyst at 50oC
   • STRENGTH
     • STRONG - High melting point
   • USES
     • BOTTLES, STORAGE BOXES

5. THERMOSETTING POLYMER

   • USES
     • EPOXY RESIN
       • CASTING & BONDING OF MATIERALS
     • UREA FORMALDEHYDE
       • ELECTRICAL FITTINGS, HANDLES & CONTROL KNOBS
   • When heated they will not melt. They have strong covalent bonds forming cross links between their polymer chains.
     • CHAINS FIXED TOGETHER BY STRONG COVALENT BONDS - THIS IS CALLED CROSS LINKING AND CANNOT BE RECYCLED (THEY DONT MELT)
   • GOOD FOR SHOWERS - PIPES WILL NOT MELT

6. THERMOSOFTENING POLYMER

   • USES
     • POLYPROPLYENE
       • MEDICAL & LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, CONTAINERS AND PLASTIC SEATS
     • POLYSTYRENE
       • TOYS, PACKAGING, PLASTIC BOXES & CONTAINERS
     • POLYAMIDE NYLON
       • BEARINGS & GEAR WHEELS & HINGES
   • When heated some will soften and rest when they cool down. They are made up of individual polymer chains that are tangled together.
     • THE TANGLED WEB OF POLYMER CHAINS ARE RELATIVELY EASY TO BREAK & CAN BE RECYCLED
   • GOOD - CAN EASILY BE SHAPED TO FORM DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT

7. SMART MATIERALS

   • REACTIVE MATIERALS - PROPERTIES CAN BE CHANGED BY EXPOSURE TO STIMULI SUCH AS ELECTRIC & MAGNETIC FIELDS

8. NANO CHEMICALS

   • CHEMICALS GENERATED BY USING NANO MATIERALS. THE NANO CHEMCIALS ARE USED IN A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS INCLUDING CHEMICAL WARFARE, BICYCLES, ARMOUR & MILITARY WEAPONS

9. FULLERENCES (BUCKYBALLS)

   • THE STRUCTURE OF A CARBON NANOTUBE IS LIKE A SHEET OF GRAPHITE ROLLED UP IN A TUBE. DIFFERENT TYPES OF NANOTUBES HAVE DIFFERENT PROPERTIES

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