Atoms, Compounds & Isotopes

Atoms, Compounds & Isotopes

1. Atoms

   • The top number is the Mass Number
     • This is the total number of Protons & Neutrons
       • To get the Neutrons it is Mass Number - Atomic Number
   • The bottom number is the Atomic Number
     • This is the number of Protons
   • Protons & Neutrons have a Mass of 1
     • These make up the Nucleus
   • Electrons are so small there is nearly no mass

2. Compounds

   • These are formed when 2 or more elements Chemically Combine
     • E.g. Carbon Dioxide
       • Carbon
       • Oxygen
   • It is difficult to separate the original elements out again

3. Isotopes

   • These are similar to normal elements
     • However these have extra Neutrons
   • Isotopes are: different atomic forms of the same element which have the same number of Protons but a different number of Neutrons
   • They have the same Atomic Number
     • They have a different Mass Number
     • If this was different it would be a completely different Element
   • Carbon-12 & Carbon-14
     • Carbon-12
       • 6 Protons
       • 6 Electrons
       • 6 Neutrons
     • Carbon-14
       • 6 Electrons
       • 6 Protons
       • 8 Neutrons