Chapter 3

Chapter 3

1. Neurons

   • Axons
     • Fibres that carry signals away from the cell
   • Dendrites
     • Branching structures that receive signals
   • Soma
     • The Neurons body Contains the Nucleus and the Nucleous
   • Myelin Sheath
     • Insulating materal
   • Terminal Buttons
     • Knobs on the end of Axons that release Neurotransmitters
   • Synapse
     • A gap where information is transmitted from one Neuron to the other
   • Neurotransmitters
     • Chemical Signals
   • Neuron Potentials
     • Resting Potential
     • Action Potential
   • All-or-none Law
     • A Neuron either fires or does not fire
   • Absolute Refractory Period
     • A waiting period between Action Periods

2. Brain and Behaviour

   • Midbrain
     • Integrating vision and hearing, also releases dopamine and is responsible for motor control and bodytemperature
   • Forebrain
     • Cerebrum
       • Cerebral Cortex
         • Frontal Lobe
           • Carries out the higher mental processes
         • Parietal Lobe
           • Touch and some language processing
         • Occipital Lobe
           • Visual Processing
         • Temporal Lobe
           • Hearing and most language processing
       • Cerebral Hemisperes
         • Left Hemispere
           • Language and logical processes
           • Controls the right side of the body
         • Right Hemispere
           • Spatial Perception
           • Controls the left side of the body
       • Corpus Callosum
         • Communication between the two Hemispheres
     • Hypotahalamus
       • Regulates biological needs
     • Thalamus
       • Most sensory info must pas through here to get to the cerebral cortex
     • Hippocampus
       • Memory and ANS
     • Amygdala
       • Emotions, Survival and memory
   • Hindbrain
     • Cerebellum
       • Organizes sensory information and helps coordinate movement
     • Pons
       • Connects the brain and the Cerebellum
     • Medulla
       • Connects the brain and the spinal cord

3. Nervous System

   • Somatic
     • Deliberate movement
   • Symathetic
     • Fight of flight
   • Parasympathetic
   • Central
     • The spinal cord and te brain.
   • Peripheral
     • All nerves outside of the brain and spine.
   • Automatic ANS
     • Automatic movements

4. Brain Research Methods

   • EEG Electroencephalography
     • Electrodes are attached to the scalp and used to watch Neurons
   • CT Scans
     • A combination of several X-Rays of the brain
   • EBS Electronic Brain Simulation
     • Direct electrical simulation of the brain
     • Done on people who where already getting brain surgery
   • MRI
     • fMRI
       • A MRI that shows Function
     • A scan taken using a strong magnetic field
   • PET Position Emission Tomography